LGBT history in Ireland

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LGBT history in the Republic of Ireland
)

The history of

lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people in Ireland
.

Pre-20th century

The first recorded trans individual in Dublin was a 19th-century

labourer, while living in Castleknock.[1] Another 19th-century trans man was Albert Cashier (born Jennie Hodgers, 1843–1915) from County Louth, who fought on the Union side of the American Civil War.[2]

Writers and patriots

Ireland and Dublin, in particular, have always been regarded as the home of some of the greatest gay and lesbian writers in the English speaking world, some of whom are Oscar Wilde, Eva Selina Gore-Booth, Elizabeth Bowen, Kate O'Brien, Ladies of Llangollen, Somerville and Ross and Mary Dorcey

Legal situation

Prior to formal

Padraig Pearse and Roger Casement
whose sexuality was an element in his trial and execution.

Post-independence

After independence, Ireland became a very insular society, dominated by the Catholic Church and was conservative,

General Eoin O'Duffy, former Garda Síochána commissioner and head of the quasi-fascist Blueshirts in Ireland, during the 1930s.[5] The claim was revealed publicly by RTÉ
in a documentary, The Odd Couple, broadcast in 1999. However, MacLíammóir's claims have not been substantiated by any evidence.

Economic development and civil unions

In the 1970s, the Campaign for Homosexual Law Reform was led by David Norris, who campaigned for then-current criminalization of homosexuality (namely those in force from 1861 and 1885) to be dismantled. In 1980, the case was taken before the Supreme Court of Ireland; losing the case, Norris took the case to the European Court of Human Rights, which ruled in 1988 against the Irish government. The laws were finally reformed in 1993[6] by then-Minister for Justice Máire Geoghegan-Quinn.

With the emergence of the Celtic Tiger economy from 1995 onwards, Ireland underwent a massive transformation both economically and socially. The individual wealth of the average Irish citizen quadrupled in the space of 15 years along with EU membership helped to liberalise and make this once conservative and religious society into one that is more open and pro-gay rights with a raft of pro-gay legislation.[citation needed] 73% of the Irish population support full gay marriage being extended to same-sex couples while 53% support the idea of same-sex adoption.[citation needed]

In 2011, civil partnership legislation was passed by the Dáil and Seanad and was enacted into law. Also, in 2011, Dominic Hannigan and John Lyons, both of the Labour Party, became the first openly gay TDs to be elected to the Dail, and Katherine Zappone became the first openly lesbian senator.

In 2015, Ireland became the first country in the world to legalise gay marriage through a referendum, with yes winning by over 62% of the vote. In a total over two million adults voted, and it was found that many younger adults participated in this vote to bring Ireland into a new era.

In 2017, Leo Varadkar was elected Taoiseach (Prime Minister), making him the youngest and first openly gay leader of Ireland. [7]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Dublin's first recorded transgender person? • Irish history podcast". 9 May 2018.
  2. ^ "When Jennie came marching home – an Irishwoman's Diary on Albert Cashier and the US civil war". The Irish Times.
  3. ^ "Church's loss of authority started in 1950s, says academic". The Irish Times. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  4. ^ Editor (15 October 2017). "Drag culture in Ireland". Trinity News. Retrieved 28 April 2024. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  5. ^ "Rough Justice - Frank McNally on the unlikely romance between Eoin O'Duffy and Micheal MacLiammóir". The Irish Times. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  6. ^ "Where is it illegal to be gay?". BBC News. 10 February 2014. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
  7. TheGuardian.com
    . 14 June 2017.