Lactarius vietus
| Lactarius vietus | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Russulales |
| Family: | Russulaceae |
| Genus: | Lactarius |
| Species: | L. vietus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Lactarius vietus (Fr.) Fr. (1838)
| |
| Synonyms[1][2] | |
| |
Lactarius vietus | |
|---|---|
 | Gills on hymenium |
 | Cap is convex or infundibuliform |
 | Hymenium is decurrent or adnate |
 | Stipe is bare |
 | Spore print is white to yellow |
 | Ecology is mycorrhizal |
 | Edibility is inedible or edible |
Lactarius vietus (commonly known as the grey milkcap) is a species of
ectomycorrhizal relationship with surrounding trees, and it favours birch
. It grows in autumn months and is fairly common in Europe, North America and eastern Asia.
Taxonomy
Lactarius vietus was
specific epithet is from the Latin vietus, meaning shrunken.[9] It is commonly known as the grey milkcap.[10][11]
Description
Lactarius vietus typically has a
albinos.[12] The cap's margin is curved inwards in younger specimens,[10] and wavey. The cap surface is smooth,[11] and can be slimey or sticky when wet. The stem measures 2.5 to 8 centimetres (1 to 3 in) by 2 to 7 centimetres (0.8 to 3 in), and is generally cylindrical in shape. Sometimes the stem narrows downwards, or is club-shaped. In colour, the stem whitish or greyish,[10] paler at the top,[11] and is rather weak and easily broken. The flesh is a whitish-buff colour, and is often absent in the stem, leaving it hollow.[10] The crowded gills can be decurrent (with the gill running down the stem) or adnate (with the entire depth of the gill connecting to the stem),[11] and in colour are whitish to a dirty buff.[10] They are thin and flaccid,[9] and there are three to four tiers of lamellulae (short gills that do not reach the stem from the cap margin).[12] The gills produce white milk,[10] which dries a brownish or greenish grey after about 20 minutes.[10][13] The mushroom flesh will slowly stain a greyish colour if a drop of FeSO4 solution is applied to it as a chemical colour test.[14]
Microscopic features
The
basidia are four-spored and club-shaped, measuring between 36 and 42 μm in length by 8 and 12 μm wide.[12]
Similar species
Meinhard Moser, examining the identity of L. mammosus, concluded that it "is certainly more closely related to L. vietus than to L. fuscus,
but differs in habit and colour. The spores are slightly longer and the sculptures are less pronounced in L. vietus."[17]
Edibility
Lactarius vietus milk has a very hot taste, and the mushroom lacks a distinctive smell.[10] Although described by many mycologists as inedible,[10][18] David Pegler claims that its acrid taste can be removed after boiling, allowing it to be consumed.[19] Though the strong, acrid taste is a defining feature of the species, it is weaker or even absent in some older mushrooms, which is not unusual for Lactarius species. Occasionally, however, mushrooms of the species have been collected which have a mild taste; this has also been observed in other species with typically acrid tastes.[12]
Distribution, habitat and ecology
Lactarius vietus is fairly common, and can be found growing in moist areas under trees in autumn,
See also
References
- ^ a b "Lactarius vietus (Fr.) Fr. 1838". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
- ^ "Lactarius vietus nomenclature". Russulales News. Archived from the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
- ^ "Agaricus vietus Fr., Syst. mycol. (Lundae) 1: 66 (1821)". Index Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 27 December 2010.
- ^ Fries, Elias Magnus (1821). Systema Mycologicum (in Latin). Greifswald, Germany: Mauritius. p. 66.
vietus.
- ^ "Lactarius vietus (Fr.) Fr., Epicr. syst. mycol. (Upsaliae): 344 (1838) [1836-1838]". Index Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 27 December 2010.
- ^ Fries, Elias Magnus (1838). Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici (in Latin). Uppsala, Sweden: Typographia Academica. p. 344.
Epicrisis systematis mycologici.
- ^ "Galorrheus vietus (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
- ^ "Lactifluus vietus (Fr.) Kuntze 1891". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
- ^ a b Rea, Carleton (1922). British Basidiomycetaceae: a Handbook to the Larger British Fungi. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 489–490.
- ^ ISBN 0-330-26441-9.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-00-723224-6.
- ^ JSTOR 4119385.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7537-1865-0.
- ISBN 978-0-8156-3229-0.
- ^ ISBN 0-86272-565-8.
- ISBN 978-0-8156-0388-7.
- ^ JSTOR 4119398.
- ISBN 978-0-7112-2378-3.
- ^ ISBN 0-85533-500-9.
- S2CID 42698903.
- ISBN 978-0-521-04818-7.
- ISBN 978-0-85199-542-7.
- ^ Stefanov, S.; Zaprianov, J. (1969). "On the chemical composition of some mushrooms of the genera Lactarius and Tricholoma distributed in Bulgaria". Naui. Trudove Viss Sel.-stop. Inst. "V. Kolarov" (in Bulgarian). 18 (4): 57–59.
- ^ Straus, Adolf (1969). "Pilzfunde im Gebiet des Naturschutzgebietes Krumme Laake bei Berlin-Rahnsdorf und seiner Umgebung". Willdenowia (in German). 5 (2): 171–179.
- ^ Turhan, Kadir (2007). "Determination of some trace metals of mushrooms produced in middle Black Sea region of Turkey". Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 16 (4): 397–402.
- JSTOR 3752534.
- ISSN 0026-3648.
- ^ Astapenko, V. V. (1990). "Consortive relations in wood-decomposing fungi in the central Angara river area Russian SFSR USSR". Mikologiya i Fitopatologiya (in Russian). 24 (4): 289–298.
- ISBN 978-962-201-556-2.
External links
- Lactarius vietus at RogersMushrooms