Langah Sultanate

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Langah Sultanate
1445–1526
Late medieval period
• Established
1445
• Disestablished
1526
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Sayyid dynasty
Mughal Empire
Today part ofPakistan

The Langah Sultanate, also known as the Sultanate of Multan, was a late-medieval kingdom established and ruled by the

Langāh clan in South Punjab from 1445 to 1526.[2][3] Their capital was the city of Multan
.

History

After the invasion of Emir

Sikander Lodhi and abducted in the favour of his son. His successor, Budhan Khan, who assumed the title Sultan Mahmud Shah I, inherited the sultanate stretched encompassing the neighbouring regions, including the cities of Chiniot and Shorkot.[1] During the rule of the Langah, a large number of Baloch tribes were allowed to settle in the Derajaat Border in turn for military service.[4][5]

Decline

class=notpageimage|
Location of the Langah Sultanate and neighbouring South Asian polities circa 1525 CE, on the eve of the establishment of the Mughal Empire.[6]

Sultan Husayn I being unable to hold his trans-Indus possessions, assigned the region around Dera Ismail Khan to Sardar Malik Sohrab Dodai in 1469 or 1471 and appointed him as "Jagirdar".[7] During the reign of Mahmud Langah, his Vizier rebelled and declared himself independent ruler of Sorkot. The city was invaded during the reign of Sultan Husseyn II by ruler Shah Husayn of the Arghun dynasty, probably at Babur's insistence.[1] Multan fell in 1528 after an extended siege and Shah Husayn appointed his son Mirza Askari as governor of the city, assisted by Langar Khan, one of the powerful Amirs of Sultan Mahmud Langah I. Shortly after Shah Husayn departed Multan for Thatta, however, the governor was thrown out of the city. The rebels under Sultan Mahmud II administered Multan for a time independently[8] but in 1541, Sher Shah Suri captured Multan, and the sultanate ended.[9]

Culture

The position of

Qandahar and Delhi. The extent of Multan's influence is also reflected in the construction of the Multani Caravanserai in Baku, Azerbaijan — which was built in the 15th century to house Multani merchants visiting the city.[10] Legal records from the Uzbek city of Bukhara note that Multani merchants settled and owned land in the city in the late 1550s.[11]

Tomb of Ghazi Khan, the Baloch Governor of Derajat, appointed by Langah rulers.

Another important feature of this era was migration of Baloch tribes and their settling in South Punjab.[1] They soon became core of the military[5] and held political positions in regions like Derajat.

Ministers

Following is the list of known ministers of Langah Sultante:

  • Imadul Mulk (1469–1499), he was Vizier of Husseyn Langah I. He rebelled against him and was imprisoned.
  • Jam Bayzid (1499–1503), he was Vizier of Mahmud Langah I. Due to his strained relations with the Sultan, he rebelled and declared himself independent ruler of Sorkot.[12]
  • Shuja Bukhari (1503–1518), He was Vizier of Mahmud Langah.
  • Langar Khan (1518–1526), He was last Vizier of Sultanate. He assisted
    Shah Hussain Arghun
    to conquer Multan.

Rulers

Titular Name(s) Personal Name Reign
Sultan Qutbu'd-Din
سلطان قطب الدین 		Rai Sahra Langah
رائے ساحرہ لنگہ 		1445 – 1469
Sultan Husseyn I
سلطان حسین اول 		Husseyn Shah Langah
حسین لنگہ 		1469 – 29 August 1502
Sultan Mahmud I
سلطان محمود اول 		Budha Khan Langah
بدھا خان لنگہ 		30 August 1502 – 1518
Sultan Husseyn II
سلطان حسین دوم 		Husseyn Langah
حسین لنگہ 		1518 – 1526
Sultan Mahmud II
سلطان محمود دوم 		Mahmud Khan Langah
محمود خان لنگہ 		1526 – 1540

See also

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-92-3-103467-1
    .
  2. ISBN 978-81-7835-664-8
    . Meanwhile the Langah Rajputs had established themselves on the throne of Multan...
  3. ^ Qanungo, Kalika Ranjan; Kānūnago, Kālikā Rañjana (1965). Sher Shah and His Times. Orient Longmans. p. 286. Under the shadow of Rajput Langah dynasty of Multan...
  4. ISBN 9780195778199
    .
  5. ^
    ISBN 978-92-3-103467-1
    .
  6. ISBN 0226742210
    .
  7. ^ Tolbort, T (1871). The District of Dera Ismail Khan, Trans-Indus. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
  8. ^ Davies, pp. 627-8
  9. ISBN 9788124110669
    .
  10. ^ Amity, Volumes 1-3. Indo-Soviet Cultural Society. 1963. p. 135. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  11. ISBN 9789351189169
    . Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  12. ^ Ferishta, II, p,329; Nahawandi, I, p.278.
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