Dera Ismail Khan
Dera Ismail Khan
ڈیره اسماعیل خان دېره اسماعيل خان | |
---|---|
City | |
Postal code | 29050 |
Number of union councils | 47 |
Website | dikhan |
Dera Ismail Khan (
It is 300 kilometres (190 mi) south of the provincial capital Peshawar, and 230 kilometres (140 mi) northwest of Multan, Punjab.[4]
Etymology
In the local language, the word ḍerā means "tent, encampment", and is commonly found in the name of towns in the
History
Foundation
Early history
The region around Dera Ismail Khan has been inhabited for millennia, as evidenced by the nearby site of
Medieval history
D. I. Khan is located in the historical Derajat region, which was established in the 15th century, when Baloch people were invited to settle the region by Shah Husayn, of the Langah Sultanate of Multan.
Shah Husayn being unable to hold his trans-Indus possessions, assigned the region around D. I. Khan to Sardar Malik Sohrab Khan Dodai Baloch in 1469 or 1471 and appointed him as "Jagir". Malik originally hailed from the
Baloch settlers were assimilated through the, later waves of
In the late medieval era, Vaishnavite temples of the Puṣṭimārga (Eighth Gaddī) and Gauḍiya sects were founded in Dera Ismail Khan.[10]
Dera Ismail Khan region was part of
D. I. Khan was ruled by nine generations of Baloch leaders descended directly from Ismail Khan. The last, Nusrat Khan, was removed from power after the city was captured by
Reestablishment of the city
The original town was swept away by flooding on the Indus River in 1823. The present city was founded by Nawab Sher Muhammad Khan of the
Sikh rule (1821–1849)
D. I. Khan remained under Sadozai rule from the nearby town of Mankera until it was annexed by Bhatti Jatsikh ruler Maharaja Nau Nihal Singh of the Sikh Empire in 1836.[13] Diwan Lakhi Mal appointed the city's Kardar ruler, though the Nawabs of the city from the Durrani order were allowed to maintain their title and some income.[13] The city suffered under punitive taxes that lead to frequent complaints in the Sikh Darbar at Lahore, resulting in several changes of Kardar.[13]
Colonial British India era
D. I. Khan's first deputy commissioner under
The municipality was constituted in 1867, while the Dera Ismail Khan Cantonment was established in 1894.[14] By 1881 the city's population was 22,164. The military cantonment area, which lies southeast of the town, has an area of 44 square miles (110 km2), excluding the portion known as Fort Akalgarh on the northwest side.
The Derajat Brigade had its winter headquarters at Dera Ismail Khan, and the garrison consisted of a mountain battery, a regiment of Native cavalry, and three regiments of Native infantry. Detachments from these regiments helped to garrison the outposts of Drazinda, Jandola, and Jatta. The "Civil Lines" neighborhood was built to the south.[4]
The town possessed a civil hospital; its chief educational institutions were two aided Anglo-vernacular high schools, one maintained by the Church Missionary Society and the other by the Bharatri Sabha, and an Anglo-vernacular middle school maintained by the municipality.[4]
According to the 1901 census, the population of Dera Ismail Khan was 31,737, of whom 18,662 were Muslims, 11,486 Hindus, and 1,420 Sikhs. Of the total, 3,450 lived in the cantonment.[15]
In 1932, the population of Dera Ismail Khan was 56,741. It consisted of Hindus and Muslims, the latter of which included recent converts from Hinduism and Pashtuns.[16]
The predominantly Muslim population (which accounted for more than 80 % of the local population of Dera Ismail Khan) supported the
After Independence of 1947
Following an influx of refugees following the 1979
D. I. Khan was badly affected by a terrorist campaign conducted throughout northwest Pakistan, primarily between 2007 and 2014 by the
During the
In 2014, the wide-scale Operation Zarb-e-Azb was launched against militants throughout Pakistan, which resulted in a greatly improved security environment by 2016, although on January 4, 2017 15 people including five policemen were killed when a remote control planted bomb exploded on Bannu Road.[28] On 17 February 2017, another five people, including four police officers, were killed after unidentified suspects opened fire on a police van near Mission Mor.[29]
As part of the 2015
On 3 November 2023, a
Geography
Climate
Dera Ismail Khan has a hot desert climate (Köppen BWh) with sweltering summers and warm winters. Rain mainly falls in two distinct periods: in the late winter and early spring from February to April, and in the monsoon in July and August.[citation needed]
D. I Khan is situated at an altitude of 177 metres above sea level.[citation needed]
Climate data for Dera Ismail Khan | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 28.9 (84.0) |
30.6 (87.1) |
37.2 (99.0) |
43.3 (109.9) |
47.9 (118.2) |
51 (124) |
47.0 (116.6) |
44.5 (112.1) |
42.4 (108.3) |
40.5 (104.9) |
35.0 (95.0) |
30.6 (87.1) |
51 (124) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 20.3 (68.5) |
22.1 (71.8) |
26.9 (80.4) |
33.5 (92.3) |
38.7 (101.7) |
41.5 (106.7) |
38.5 (101.3) |
37.4 (99.3) |
36.7 (98.1) |
33.4 (92.1) |
27.7 (81.9) |
21.9 (71.4) |
31.5 (88.8) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.2 (54.0) |
14.7 (58.5) |
19.9 (67.8) |
26.0 (78.8) |
30.9 (87.6) |
34.2 (93.6) |
32.7 (90.9) |
31.9 (89.4) |
30.2 (86.4) |
25.3 (77.5) |
19.1 (66.4) |
13.6 (56.5) |
24.2 (75.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.2 (39.6) |
7.3 (45.1) |
12.9 (55.2) |
18.5 (65.3) |
23.1 (73.6) |
26.8 (80.2) |
26.9 (80.4) |
26.4 (79.5) |
23.8 (74.8) |
17.3 (63.1) |
10.5 (50.9) |
5.3 (41.5) |
16.9 (62.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | −2.2 (28.0) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
4.0 (39.2) |
9.5 (49.1) |
14.4 (57.9) |
17.5 (63.5) |
18.6 (65.5) |
19.5 (67.1) |
15.8 (60.4) |
8.0 (46.4) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 10.0 (0.39) |
17.5 (0.69) |
34.8 (1.37) |
21.7 (0.85) |
17.2 (0.68) |
14.4 (0.57) |
60.8 (2.39) |
57.5 (2.26) |
17.6 (0.69) |
4.8 (0.19) |
2.1 (0.08) |
10.4 (0.41) |
268.8 (10.57) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 222.2 | 206.8 | 234.3 | 259.2 | 290.1 | 247.7 | 241.3 | 261.1 | 271.1 | 283.2 | 249.7 | 220.4 | 2,987.1 |
Source: NOAA (1961-1990) [32] |
Climate data for Dera Ismail Khan (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.5 (67.1) |
22.6 (72.7) |
27.3 (81.1) |
34.0 (93.2) |
39.6 (103.3) |
41.0 (105.8) |
38.5 (101.3) |
37.5 (99.5) |
36.5 (97.7) |
33.5 (92.3) |
27.7 (81.9) |
22.4 (72.3) |
31.7 (89.1) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.1 (53.8) |
15.3 (59.5) |
20.3 (68.5) |
26.4 (79.5) |
31.6 (88.9) |
33.4 (92.1) |
32.5 (90.5) |
31.8 (89.2) |
30.1 (86.2) |
25.7 (78.3) |
19.4 (66.9) |
14.2 (57.6) |
24.4 (75.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.6 (40.3) |
8.0 (46.4) |
13.4 (56.1) |
18.9 (66.0) |
23.7 (74.7) |
25.9 (78.6) |
26.5 (79.7) |
26.0 (78.8) |
23.8 (74.8) |
17.9 (64.2) |
11.1 (52.0) |
5.8 (42.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 12.6 (0.50) |
24.0 (0.94) |
37.4 (1.47) |
29.1 (1.15) |
9.1 (0.36) |
28.3 (1.11) |
71.5 (2.81) |
72.4 (2.85) |
37.8 (1.49) |
9.6 (0.38) |
3.4 (0.13) |
4.4 (0.17) |
339.6 (13.37) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 2.1 | 3.5 | 5.0 | 3.8 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 1.9 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 31.2 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 193.4 | 196.5 | 229.3 | 265.8 | 279.1 | 265.5 | 247.7 | 260.5 | 262.7 | 263.4 | 215.5 | 218.3 | 2,897.7 |
Source: NOAA[33] |
Demographics
Religious group |
1881[35][36][37] | 1901[38][39][40] | 1911[41][42] | 1921[43][44] | 1931[45] | 1941[34] | 2017[46] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Islam | 12,440 | 56.13% | 18,662 | 58.8% | 21,759 | 61.94% | 21,056 | 53.52% | 22,321 | 55.34% | 26,424 | 51.5% | 215,348 | 98.78% |
Hinduism [b] | 8,862 | 39.98% | 11,486 | 36.19% | 11,716 | 33.35% | 17,077 | 43.41% | 16,761 | 41.56% | 22,815 | 44.47% | 438 | 0.2% |
Sikhism | 680 | 3.07% | 1,420 | 4.47% | 1,331 | 3.79% | 724 | 1.84% | 708 | 1.76% | 1,412 | 2.75% | — | — |
Jainism | 2 | 0.01% | 15 | 0.05% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | — | — | — | — |
Christianity | — | — | 154 | 0.49% | 325 | 0.93% | 484 | 1.23% | 541 | 1.34% | 195 | 0.38% | 2,166 | 0.99% |
Judaism | — | — | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 1 | 0% | — | — |
Zoroastrianism | — | — | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | — | — |
Buddhism | — | — | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | — | — | — | — |
Ahmadiyya | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 32 | 0.01% |
Others | 180 | 0.81% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 459 | 0.89% | 34 | 0.02% |
Total population | 22,164 | 100% | 31,737 | 100% | 35,131 | 100% | 39,341 | 100% | 40,331 | 100% | 51,306 | 100% | 218,018 | 100% |
Transportation
Road
The city is connected to
D. I. Khan is at the terminus of the
Air
The city is served by Dera Ismail Khan Airport, though no commercial flights operate to the airport.[citation needed]
See also
Notes
- ^ 1881-1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Dera Ismail Khan, which included Dera Ismail Khan Municipality and Dera Ismail Khan Cantonment.[34]: 19
- ^ 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis
References
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- ^ "POPULATION AND HOUSEHOLD DETAIL FROM BLOCK TO DISTRICT LEVEL: KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA (DERA ISMAIL KHAN DISTRICT)" (PDF). Pakistan BUreau of Statistics. 2018-01-03. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-03. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
- ^ Tehsils & Unions in the District of D.I. Khan – Government of Pakistan Archived February 9, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Nrb.gov.pk. Retrieved on 2012-06-01.
- ^ a b c d Dera Ismail Khān Town – Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 11, p. 269. Dsal.uchicago.edu. Retrieved on 2012-06-01.
- ^ "Baloch tribes of the Saraiki Waseb – by Farooq Miana". April 20, 2010.
- ^ Saira Naseem, Zakirullah Jan (2016), The Emerging Tochi-Gomal Cultural Phase in the Gomal Plain, Northwest Pakistan. Ancient Pakistan, Vol. XXVII (2016) 191
- ISBN 978-90-04-19011-5.
- ^ a b c d Tolbort, T (1871). The District of Dera Ismail Khan, Trans-Indus. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
- ^ Aminullah Khan Gandpar, Tarikh-i-Sar Zamin-i-Gomal, National Book Foundation Islamabad, page 45.
- ^ Entwistle, Alan W. (1982). The Rāsa Māna ke Pada of Kevalarāma: A Medieval Hindi Text of the Eighth Gaddī of the Vallabha Sect (PhD thesis). University of London School of Oriental and African Studies. p. 70.
- ISBN 978-0-521-25119-8.
- ^ public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Dera Ismail Khan". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 64. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Dera Ismail Khan - An Overview of History and Indigenous People". Retrieved 12 December 2017.
- ^ a b c "Dera Ismail Khan Cantonment". Global Security. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
- ^ Dera Ismail Khān Town – Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 11, p. 268. Dsal.uchicago.edu. Retrieved on 2012-06-01.
- ^ Sharma, Brij Mohan (1932). The Indian Federation. Upper India Publishing House Limited. p. 242.
- ^ "Colonies, posh and model in name only!". NCR Tribune. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
- ^ "'Three killed' in Pakistan blast". BBC News. 29 January 2007. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
- ^ Govt talks tough as inaction against hate-mongers is assailed in NA – Dawn Pakistan. August 21, 2008
- ^ "30 killed in DI Khan suicide attack". Daily Times. August 20, 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-24.[permanent dead link]
- World Socialist Website. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
- ^ "At least 8 killed, 27 injured in Dera Ismail Khan bomb blast". The Nation. 14 June 2009. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
- ^ "2 killed, several injured in Dera Ismail Khan court blast". The Nation. 29 July 2009. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
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- ^ "Militants attack police station in DI Khan, 10 personnel killed". The Express Tribune. 25 June 2011. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ Leading News Resource of Pakistan Archived January 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Daily Times (2009-02-21). Retrieved on 2012-06-01.
- ^ JPG image (2009-2-20)
- ^ "D.I Khan: Five police officers, 10 civilians injured in bomb blast". Dunes News. 4 January 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
- ^ "Four policemen killed in Dera Ismail Khan". Geo News. 17 February 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ a b "PM Nawaz performs groundbreaking of Motorway in D.I Khan". The News. 17 May 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
- ^ "Blast targeting police van kills 6, injures 22 in DI Khan". www.thenews.com.pk.
- ^ "Dera Ismail Khan Climate Normals 1961-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 16, 2013.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Dera Ismail Khan". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
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- ^ "Final Results (Census-2017)". Retrieved 31 March 2024.