Liaodong Peninsula

Coordinates: 40°00′N 122°30′E / 40.000°N 122.500°E / 40.000; 122.500
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
"Liaodong" redirects here. For the former Liaodong Province, see Andong Province.

Location of Liaodong Peninsula

The Liaodong or Liaotung Peninsula (

sub-provincial city of Dalian and parts of prefectural cities of Yingkou, Anshan and Dandong
.

The word "Liaodong" literally means "Liao region's east", referring initially to the

Liaozhong, Tai'an, Panshan and Beizhen
). The modern usage of "Liaodong" however simply refers to the half of Liaoning province to the left/east bank of the Liao/Daliao River.

Geography

Map including the Liaodong Peninsula

The Liaodong Peninsula lies on the northern shore of the

Qianshan Mountains, named after Qian Mountain in Anshan, which includes Dahei Mountain in Dalian
.

History

Pre-Han

The Liaodong region was settled since prehistoric times by

State of Yan conquered this region from Gojoseon,[1] and established the Liaodong Commandery
.

Han to Qing

After the

Western Jin dynasty
.

However, after the Western Jin fell from the

Uprising of the Five Barbarians and during the subsequent chaotic Sixteen Kingdoms periods, the region was ruled by Former Yan, Former Qin, Later Yan[2] and later Goguryeo, before being reconquered by the Tang dynasty
.

In 698 AD,

Wu Zhou's defeat at the Battle of Tianmenling allowed the newly founded Balhae to rule the region for the next two centuries, before they were supplanted by the Khitan Liao dynasty, and followed by the Jin dynasty, Yuan dynasty, Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty
.

Liaodong was the primary destination of Shangdong and Hebei refugees from the Northern Chinese Famine of 1876-1879. A prior Qing prohibition on immigration to Northeast China was officially relaxed, marking the start of Chuang Guandong. In 1876, Chinese officials told the Customs commissioner at Yingkou that 600,000 people had landed on the Liaodong Peninsula. Government efforts to keep Manchu heartlands free of Chinese settlement resulted in a concentration of refugees in Liaodong.[3]

19th and 20th century

Convention of retrocession of the Liaotung Peninsula, 8 November 1895.

The peninsula was an important area of conflict during the

Lüshunkou
(Port Arthur) for use by the Russian Navy.

As in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Liaodong peninsula was the scene of major fighting in the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), including the bloody Siege of Port Arthur. As a consequence of the Treaty of Portsmouth (5 September 1905), which ended the Russo-Japanese War, both sides agreed to evacuate Manchuria and return it to China, with the exception of the Liaodong Peninsula leased territory which was transferred to Japan,[4] which was to administer it as the Kwantung Leased Territory.

After Japan lost

People's Republic of China
was established in 1949, Liaodong was again under unified Chinese rule, where it has been to this day.

See also

References

Look up Liaodong Peninsula in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
  1. ISBN 9780674615762
    .
  2. ISBN 0-8135-1304-9
    .
  3. ISBN 978-0-89264-134-5
    .
  4. ^ Article Five:The Imperial Government of Russia transfer and assign to the Imperial Government of Japan, with the consent of the Government of China, the lease of Port Arthur, Ta-Lien and the adjacent territory and territorial waters, and all rights, privileges and concessions connected with or forming part of such lease (…)

40°00′N 122°30′E / 40.000°N 122.500°E / 40.000; 122.500

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