Lions of the East Army

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Lions of the East Army
جيش أسود الشرقية
Jaysh Usud al-Sharqiya
Leaders
  • General commander: Tlass al-Salama (nom de guerre: Abu Faisal)[1][2]
  • Deputy commander: Abu Barzan al-Sultani[2]
  • Abdul Bari[3]
Dates of operationAugust 2014 – present
Active regionsSince April 2018:

Until April 2018:

IdeologySee ideology section
Size
Part ofAuthenticity and Development Front (formerly)[2]
Southern Front (formerly) [6]
AlliesForces of Martyr Ahmad al-Abdo
Syrian Civil War
Websitehttps://asoodalsharqia.wordpress.com/

The Lions of the East Army (

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in the eastern Syrian Desert, where it gained control over large areas since 2016.[4][2]

History

Infantrymen of the militia with a technical.

The origins of the Lions of the East Army trace back to the

rebellion in Deir ez-Zor Governorate from 2011 to 2014, when several rebel groups emerged to fight against Bashar al-Assad's government. Among these was "Liwa Bashair al-Nasr" (translated: "Victory of Good News Brigade"), founded by Tlass al-Salama in 2012.[2][1] Salama eventually became one of the most prominent anti-ISIL rebel leaders in the governorate,[2] while his group became known for helping government officers and soldiers in Deir ez-Zor to defect by smuggling them to their home areas.[1] Other notable rebel groups that later joined the Lions of the East Army were Liwa al-Qadisiyah and Liwa Omar al-Mukhtar from Abu Kamal, and Bayariq al-Shaitat, a militia formed from al-Shaitat tribal members.[2] These groups unsuccessfully tried to resist a large-scale offensive by ISIL in mid-2014 that drove them from Deir ez-Zor Governorate.[2] Many rebel groups, among them Salama's men, then moved into the eastern Qalamoun Mountains.[1] There, Liwa Bashair al-Nasr merged with eleven other ex-Deir ez-Zor factions,[2] forming the "Lions of the East Army" under Salama's leadership. The new group's name was chosen in order to retain the members' link with their eastern home areas.[1] The army was originally a member of the Authenticity and Development Front. For a few months in 2015, the Lions had also had a presence in Eastern Ghouta in the Damascus suburbs, where Liwa Usud al-’Asima joined them and aided other local rebels in fighting the Eastern Ghouta ISIL branch. Eventually, Liwa Usud al-’Asima left the Lions of the East Army and merged with Jaysh al-Islam's 8th Brigade.[2]

2017 southern Syrian Desert campaign
.

Since its formation, the Lions of the East Army has fought alongside other rebel groups against ISIL in the southern Syrian Desert and the Qalamoun Mountains, and despite reversals has managed to capture much territory. To expand its strength, Salama's group has recruited both young men from areas they have taken from ISIL, as well as former ISIL fighters who have surrendered. According to Salama, many ISIL fighters are "simple people and many had no choice" but to cooperate with the Islamist organization. The Lions of the East Army tries to "rehabilitate" ISIL members, with the group's cleric for example explaining to locals and prisoners why ISIL is not "Islamic".

New Syrian Army.[8] A month later the Lions left the Authenticity and Development Front, though continued to maintain a cordial relationship with it.[2]

In June 2016, the Lions joined an ultimately unsuccessful

rebel campaign during which they captured much territory from ISIL.[2] As the Lions of the East Army focus its strength mostly on fighting ISIL, the group has avoided fighting the Syrian government since 2016, though it remains hostile to Assad.[1]

In April 2018, along with other rebel groups in the eastern Qalamoun, fighters of the Lions of the East Army were evacuated to Turkish-occupied areas in the northern Aleppo Governorate, thus leaving the Southern Front coalition.

Ideology

The group appears to have no unifying ideology besides aiming at overthrowing Assad's government and defeating ISIL. Some units within the Lions of the East Army had no ideological commitments at all before merging into the group,

anti-Iranian tendencies, having called Assad's government the "ungodly Safavid regime".[2] In an interview in July 2017, Salama claimed that the Syrian Democratic Forces and the Syrian Armed Forces are "two sides of the same coin".[9]

Organization

Structure

The Lions of the East Army is led by Tlass al-Salama (also known as "Abu Faisal"), with his deputy being Abu Barzan al-Sultani. Although the army came into existence as a merger of 12 rebel factions, with more units such as the Lions of Sunna Brigade joining later, these groups have fully integrated into the organization and abandoned their individual identities. The militias that have joined the army are:[2]

Technicals in service of the Lions of the East Army.
  • Hamza Battalion
  • Son of al-Qaim Brigade
  • Mujahid
    Omar Mukhtar
    Brigade
  • Bashair al-Nasr Brigade
  • Ahwaz Brigade
  • Shield of the Ummah Brigade
  • Conquest Brigade
  • Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr Group
  • Commandos of the Desert Brigade (former, defected to the Syrian Army)
    better source needed
    ]
  • Lions of the Asima Brigade (former, later joined the 8th Brigade of Jaysh al-Islam)[2]

The Lions of the East Army divides its operations into two sectors, one for Eastern Qalamoun and one for the desert.[2] By August 2017, around 100 fighters of the group were left in the Eastern Qalamoun, surrounded by government forces.[13]

Since its formation, the group has tried to adapt to desert warfare, with its commander noting the great difficulties of controlling territory and organizing logistics in the Syrian Desert. Lions of the East fighters are trained and paid a salary of $150 per month by the Military Operations Center (MOC) based in Amman, Jordan.[1]

Equipment

A D-30 howitzer of the group.

The army members mostly use

ATGM.[2] The group receives equipment and ammunition from the "al-Muk Operation Room" based in Jordan, although a CIA program to support it and other rebel groups was suspended in the same month.[9]

See also

  • List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Shelly Kittleson (21 April 2017). "Syrian rebel group just trying to get home". al-Monitor. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Alexander McKeever (17 April 2017). "Jaysh Usud al-Sharqiya: Exiles of the Euphrates". Bellingcat.
  3. ^ "The Syrian Rebellion Observatory". The Syrian Rebellion Observatory. 28 January 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  4. ^ a b c "THE MODERATE REBELS: A GROWING LIST OF VETTED GROUPS FIELDING BGM-71 TOW ANTI-TANK GUIDED MISSILES". Hasan Mustafas. 5 August 2015.
  5. ^ "News Update 4-20-15". Syria Direct. 2015-04-20. Retrieved 2017-02-23.
  6. ^ a b c "Russian air strikes kill Syrian refugees on Jordan border: Rebels". Middle East Eye. 13 July 2016.
  7. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2020-03-07. Retrieved 2017-01-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. ^ "Syrian Rebellion Obs on Twitter: "#SRO | GROUP STUDIES - Most of Jaysh Usud al-Sharqiya fighters joining New Syrian Army (#NSA) as many of their brothers from #Deir_Ezzor."". Twitter. Retrieved 2017-02-23.
  9. ^ a b "The leader of Jaysh Assud Al-Sharqiyah 'Talass Al-Salama' to DeirEzzor 24: The SDF and Assad's forces are two sides of the same coin". Deir Ezzor 24. 27 July 2017.
  10. ^ https://017qndpynh-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/JUaS-infographic-1200x1011.jpg [bare URL image file]
  11. ^ hasanmustafas (8 May 2015). "The Moderate Rebels: A Growing List of Vetted Groups Fielding BGM-71 TOW Anti-Tank Guided Missiles".
  12. ^ "R/Syriancivilwar - All militants of "Commandos of Desert" Brigade, including its Commander "Muhammad Sha'aban" (Al-Dab3), in Dumayr city join Syria Arab Army, defecting from FSA's Jaish Usud Al-Sharqiyah". 16 April 2018.
  13. ^ Shelly Kittleson (7 August 2017). "Rebel groups weigh options in Syria's east". Al-Monitor.

External links

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