Liriomyza huidobrensis
Liriomyza huidobrensis | |
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Liriomyza huidobrensis | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Diptera |
Family: | Agromyzidae |
Subfamily: | Phytomyzinae |
Genus: | Liriomyza |
Species: | L. huidobrensis
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Binomial name | |
Liriomyza huidobrensis | |
Synonyms | |
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Liriomyza huidobrensis, commonly known as the pea leaf miner, is a species of
Description
Adults of this species are tiny flies, about 2 mm (0.08 in) long, with black and yellow bodies and translucent wings.[3][5]
Distribution
This leaf miner originated in South America but prior to the 1980s, was restricted to that continent and Central America. In 1987, it was first found in Europe, being detected in a glasshouse in the Netherlands. From there it has spread within Europe, especially in the Mediterranean area and Eastern Europe, this latter region being surprising because the winters would be expected to be too cold. A pea leafminer already present in North America is a different species, Liriomyza langei.[3] L. huidobrensis is now present on all continents except Australasia and Antarctica.[5]
A new biotype has been found in Indonesia, Asia, the Mediterranean region and South America, and this biotype has expanded its range into southern California.[2] The adult insects can fly and may scatter to a limited extent, but dispersal is mostly through the import of infected plants, with eggs, larvae or pupae already present in the leaf tissues. This insect is not found out-of-doors in Britain, but has been discovered in greenhouses in England and Wales, on each occasion being subsequently eradicated.[5]
Life cycle
The adult female leaf miner deposits eggs individually in the tissues of host plants, usually laying a total of 100 to 120 eggs.[5] When these hatch, the larvae eat their way through the leaf tissue, leaving an intact layer of epidermis on the top and bottom of the leaf blade. The larvae passes through three instar stages before pupating.[6]
Adult flies feed on nectar and plant sap, the females gashing leaves to access the sap and the males sometimes feeding at holes made by the females, being unable to puncture the leaves themselves.
Damage
This insect is highly
References
- ^ a b Blanchard, E.E. (1926). "A dipterous leaf-miner on Cineraria, new to science". Revista de la Socieded Entomológica Argentina. 1: 10–11.
- ^ a b c Trumble, John; Kund, Greg; Reitz, Stewart. "Pea Leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis". Center for Invasive Species Research. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Liriomyza huidobrensis (serpentine leafminer)". CABI. 23 May 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
- ^ "Species Liriomyza brassicae - Serpentine leaf miner". BugGuide. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
- ^ a b c d McLean, Ian (2 December 2015). "Pea leaf miner, Liriomyza huidobrensis". GB Non-native species secretariat. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
- ^ "Leaf miners". Partners with Nature. Retrieved 9 July 2017.