List of Ba'athist movements
| Part of a series on |
| Ba'athism |
|---|
 |
The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party (
Arabic: حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي Hizb Al-Ba'ath Al-'Arabi Al-Ishtiraki) was a political party mixing Arab nationalist and Arab socialist interests, opposed to Western imperialism, and calling for the renaissance or resurrection and unification of the Arab world into a single state. Ba'ath is also spelled Ba'th or Baath and means "rebirth," "resurrection," "restoration," or "renaissance" (reddyah). Its motto — "Unity, Liberty, Socialism" (wahda, hurriya, ishtirakiya) — refers to Arab unity, and freedom from non-Arab control and interference. Its ideology of Arab socialism is notably different in origins and practice from classical Marxism and is similar in outlook to 'third-worldism
'.
The party was founded in 1940 by the
2003 Iraq invasion
. Since the invasion, the party has been banned in Iraq.
In 1966, a coup d'état by the military against the historical leadership of Aflaq and Bitar led the Syrian and Iraqi parties to split into rival organizations — the Qotri (or regionalist) Syria-based party and the Qawmi (or nationalist) Iraq-based party. Both retained the Ba'ath name and parallel structures within the Arab world, but hostilities between them grew to the point that the Syrian Ba'ath government became the only Arab government to support Iran (a non-Arabic nation) against Iraq during the First Persian Gulf War.
Major groups
| Party | Founded | Dissolved | Founder(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arab Ba'ath | 1940 | 1947 | Zaki al-Arsuzi | The party merged with the Arab Ba'ath Movement to form the Arab Ba'ath Party in 1947. |
| Arab Ba'ath Movement | 1940 | 1947 | Michel Aflaq and Salah al-Din al-Bitar | The direct predecessor to the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, it merged with the Arab Ba'ath to form the Arab Ba'ath Party in 1947. |
| Ba'ath Party | 1947 | 1966 | Founded as the Arab Ba'ath Party, it later merged with the Arab Socialist Party in 1952 and renamed itself the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. The party broke into two in 1966, between rival Baghdad and Damascus-based factions. |
Regional branches
Splinter-groups
| Party | Founded | Dissolved | Founder(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socialist Lebanon | 1965 | 1970 | Ahmed Beydoun | The party was merged into the Communist Action Organization in Lebanon in 1970. |
| Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party | 1960 | 1962/63[19] | Abdullah Rimawi | |
| Arab Revolutionary Workers Party | 1966 | – | Yasin al-Hafiz | Still active, as of 2011 |
| Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party | 1980 | – | Ibrahim Makhous | Is part of the National Democratic Rally and still active in France |
| Sudanese Ba'ath Party | 2002 | – | Mohamed Ali Jadin | Was established by a split inside the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Country of Sudan, the pro-Iraqi ba'ath branch. |
References
- ^ a b Farid, Sonia (9 August 2008). "Algerian Baath Party resumes underground activities". ALFnews. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
- Alwasat(in Arabic). 9 August 2008. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-84467-512-8.
- ISBN 978-1845111236.
- ^ ISBN 978-0292706255.
- ^ ISBN 978-0520069763.
- ^ a b "Political Programme of the Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party" (in Arabic). Lebanon Knowledge Development Gateway. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
- ISBN 9780312089979.
- ISBN 978-1857432138.
- ISBN 978-0-7546-7418-4.
- ISBN 978-1-85743-183-4.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-85521-014-1.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-85109-842-2.
- ^ "Who's Who in the Iraqi Opposition". US Labor Against the War. 9 September 2004. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
- ^ Talhami, Ghada Hashem (1989). CJ international. Vol. 5–6. Center for Research in Law and Justice. p. 49.
- ISBN 978-1-4191-5022-7.
- ^ "Comrade Dr. Kamal Karrar, member of the National Command of the Sudanese Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party" [الرفيق الدكتور كمال كرار عضو القيادة القطرية السودانية.لحزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي] (in Arabic). Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. Archived from the original on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
- JSTOR 4324510.
- ISBN 978-0292706255.