Lu Rongting
Lu Rongting | |
---|---|
New Guangxi Clique | |
Personal details | |
Born | Lu Yasong (陸亞宋) 9 September 1859 Marshal |
Battles/wars | National Protection War, Constitutional Protection Movement, Guangdong–Guangxi War |
Lu Rongting (
Life
Late Qing Era
Lu Rongting came from a peasant family and joined
In 1894, Lu Rongting was co-opted (zhao'an) into the army of Guangxi's Provincial military commander (广西提督) Su Yuanchun (苏元春) and received a Guandai (管带). After this he was relegated to the regular Qing army. Between 1903-05 he actively participated in the suppression of anti-Qing revolutionaries and massive secret society uprisings in Guangxi. In the fall of 1904 Viceroy of Liangguang Cen Chunxuan appointed him commander of the 4000-man Guangxi Border Guards (Rongziying 荣字营) unit. This army would later form the core of the Old Guangxi clique, a faction led by Lu.
In December 1907
Leader of the Old Guangxi Clique
In July 1911, following the Wuchang Uprising, Guangxi Gov. Chen Bingkun proclaimed independence and formed the Guangxi military government. Following the departure of Shen Bingkun and Wang Zhixiang, Lu assumed control over Guangxi province.
On 8 February 1912 President Yuan Shikai formally appointed Lu the governor of Guangxi. In the KMT-initiated "second revolution" in 1913, Lu sided with Yuan Shikai and suppressed the Nationalist revolutionaries in Guangxi.
Soon afterwards Cai E and Tang Jiyao (Yunnan Clique) started the National Protection War and Lu joined them against Yuan's monarchial ambitions (Hongxian emperor). In the process Cen Chunxuan, an enemy of Yuan Shikai, was secretly recruited by Lu. Some scholars have suggested the reason for Lu's sudden change in allegiance was due to his discontent about Yuan's preferential treatment, which prevented him from expanding his influence into Guangdong.[3] Nevertheless, the National Protection War led to the abdication of Yuan Shikai.
Long Jiguang proclaimed Guangdong's independence from Yuan on 6 April 1916. With the death of Yuan Shikai in June, Lu and Li Liejun attacked Long and forced him to retreat to Hainan. In the same year Lu assumed the position of governor of Guangdong province. His control and jurisdiction over both Guangdong and Guangxi was affirmed by new president Li Yuanhong in April 1917.
Start of the Warlord Era
Sun Yat-sen initiated the
However, schisms within the movement appeared, with Sun opposing Lu's (
Military Comeback
After Lu's loss in Guangdong, he gained the support of the
Due to the polarization of relations between
Within Southern China three forces emerged, the most powerful led by the coalition of Lu and followed by
Family
- Brother-in-law: Tan Haoming
- Son-in-law: Long Yungan (Son of Long Jinguang)
- Son: Lu Yuguang
Legend
There was a legend saying that Lu has once reached a
References
- ^ Who's Who in China 3rd ed.,p.574作生于1856年。
- ISBN 9789575471835
- ^ 黄宗炎「陆荣廷」谢本书主编『西南十军阀』上海人民出版社、1993年、53-55页。
- ^ 以上见,莫济杰・陈福林主编『新桂系史第1卷』、59-74页;黄宗炎「陆荣廷」谢本书主编『西南十军阀』 、76页。
- Apple Daily(in Chinese). Hong Kong. Retrieved 2018-12-14.