Madhouses Act 1774
Act of Parliament | |
Other legislation | |
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Amended by |
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Repealed by | Statute Law Revision Act 1871 |
Status: Repealed |
The Madhouses Act 1774 (
Background
By the mid-eighteenth century, the common methods in the United Kingdom for dealing with the insane were either to keep them in the family home, or to put them in a "madhouse", which was simply a private house whose proprietor was paid to detain their residents, and ran it as a commercial concern with little or no medical involvement. This led to two forms of abuse: the first was the keeping of "legitimately" insane people in atrocious conditions, and the second the detention of those who were falsely claimed to be insane – in effect, private imprisonment.
At this stage, there was no legislation to regulate the incarceration of anyone other than a
In a case in the mid-1750s, a woman came to suspect that her son-in-law had committed his wife to a madhouse in Hoxton; with the aid of a justice of the peace, she secured the release of her daughter after obtaining a confession from the husband. A similar case in 1762 saw a man trying to obtain the release of an acquaintance, one Mrs Hawley, who he suspected had been confined in a madhouse. His initial application to Lord Mansfield for a writ of habeas corpus was rejected because he was not a relative and so had no standing, but the judge arranged for a doctor to visit the house and speak to the woman. On his report, a writ was granted; she was brought before the court, and discharged.[2]
A
The issue was next addressed in 1773 when Townshend's son, also named Thomas Townshend, sponsored a bill to regulate private madhouses; within seven miles of London, this would be the responsibility of the Royal College of Physicians; and outside that, magistrates in county towns. The bill passed the Commons but was rejected by the Lords.[5][6]
Legislative history
In 1774, Thomas Townshend again reintroduced the Madhouses Bill.
Provisions
The Act required that all
The penalty for "concealing or confining" more than one insane person without a license was set at £500, and every keeper of such a house who took in a patient without an order from a doctor was liable to a fine of £100.[11]
Implementation
Madhouse Continuation Act 1779 | |
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Act of Parliament | |
Other legislation | |
Amends | Madhouses Act 1774 |
Madhouse Law Perpetuation Act 1786 | |
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Act of Parliament | |
Dates | |
Royal assent | 4 July 1786 |
Other legislation | |
Amends | Madhouses Act 1774 |
The Act took effect on 20 November 1774, six months after receiving royal assent, and was originally stated to remain in force for five years and then until the end of the next parliamentary session.
Notes
- ^ Unsworth, p. 259
- ^ Roberts, s. 2.4
- ^ Roberts, s. 2.2
- ^ Roberts, s. 7 (1763)
- ^ Roberts, s. 2.3.1
- ^ The bill was seconded by Herbert Mackworth. Other members involved in preparing the Bill were George Venables-Vernon, Beaumont Hotham, and Constantine Phipps. Roberts, s. 7 (1773)
- ^ Other members involved in preparing the Bill were George Venables-Vernon, Beaumont Hotham, and Constantine Phipps, as the previous year, along with John Ward. Roberts, s. 7 (1774)
- ^ Roberts, s. 7 (1774). The Annual Register, p. 100, makes note of a "committee of enquiry into abuses committed in gaols by detaining persons for their fees" which sat on 5 March, chaired by Sir Thomas Clavering. This may or may not be the same matter under investigation; if not, it reflects a wide-ranging interest by the Commons in this type of reform at the time.
- ^ Roberts, s. 7 (1774)
- ^ Annual Register, p. 122; Roberts, s. 7 (1774)
- ^ a b c Annual Register, pp. 240-1
- ^ Roberts, s. 2
References
- Annual Register for the year 1774. London: printed for J. Dodsley, 1778. Second edition.
- Roberts, Andrew. The Lunacy Commission
- Unsworth, Cliver (1991). "Mental Disorder and the Tutelary Relationship: From Pre- to Post-Carceral Legal Order". Journal of Law and Society. 18 (2): 254–278. JSTOR 1410140.