Medical social work
Medical social work is a sub-discipline of
History
The history of medical social work is intertwined with the history of social medicine. Dr. Richard Cabot, a physician associated with one of the earliest medical social work departments, noted that the active efforts to combat preventable diseases emerged through the actions of social workers. These actions included initiatives like the Anti-Tuberculosis Crusade, the Clean Milk Crusade, the Pure Food Law, the Playground Association, and the School of Hygiene.[5]
Britain
Medical social workers in Britain and Ireland were originally known as hospital
In 1945, the Institute of Almoners in Britain was formed, which, in 1964, was renamed as the Institute of Medical Social Workers. The Institute was one of the founder organizations of the British Association of Social Workers, which was formed in 1970. In Britain, medical social workers were transferred from the National Health Service (NHS) into local authority Social Services Departments in 1974, and generally became known as hospital social workers.
China
Medical social work was started in 1921 by Ida Pruitt in Beijing. In-service training was given to social workers for carrying out casework, adoption services and recuperation services.[10]
India
Dr. Clifford Manshardt an American missionary in 1936 started formal training in social work in India through Dorabji Tata Graduate School of Social Work.[10] The first medical social worker was appointed in 1946 in J.J. Hospital, Bombay. In 1960s scope of medical social workers increased in India.[11]
Ireland
In Ireland, the origins of medical social work go back to paediatrician Ella Webb, the first physician in Ireland to appoint almoners to work in her dispensary for sick children that she established in the Adelaide Hospital in Dublin, and to Winifred Alcock, the first almoner appointed by Webb in 1918.[12]
Singapore
Almoners from St Thomas’ Hospital, London, who arrived in Singapore in 1948 and 1949 are recognized as the forerunners of hospital social worker's in Singapore. Medical Social Worker is a Singapore Ministry of Health recognized profession for psychosocial care and a required professional by bylaw in every clinical specialty department.[13][14][15]
United States
The Massachusetts General Hospital was the first American hospital to have professional social workers on site, in the early 1900s. Garnet I. Pelton, Ida Maud Cannon and Dr. Richard Clarke Cabot were the central figures of the hospital social work.[16] Clarke credited his approach as similar to that of Anne Cummins in London.[17] The establishment of medical social work services in the United States is attributed to the inspirational and insightful efforts of the Society for the Aftercare of the Insane in England, the reorganization of Lady Almoners' work by C.S. Loch and Colonel Montefiore, the visiting nurses who conducted the final medical tasks of the hospitals, and the social service training Dr. Charles P. Emerson provided to medical students at Johns Hopkins University.[18] Cannon started specific training for medical social workers in 1912. The major duties carried out by medical social workers were case management, data collection, follow ups, care coordination, health education, financial assessment and discounting patient medical fees.[16] However, historically, social workers began engaging independently in the healthcare field much earlier. In 1893, Jane Addams established a medical dispensary at Chicago's Hull House. In 1912, social worker Anne Moore conducted a study on possible dispensary abuse in New York County. This was during a time when the prevailing belief about poverty was that it was an outcome of consequentialism. Moore found that 90% of the patients were deserving of free treatment. A survey conducted in 1976 revealed that half of the directors in federally mandated health planning bodies were social workers, and more than 17,000 social workers provided their services at varying levels in Medicare participating hospitals.[19]
Further reading
Books
- Scesny, A. M. (1991). Essentials for Directors of Social Work Programs in Health care. Society for Hospital Social Work Directors of the American Hospital Association. ISBN 0-87258-559-X
- Gehlert, S., & Browne T. A. (Eds.) (2012). Handbook of health social work. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- Badawi, M., & Biamonti, B. (Eds.). (1990). Social Work Practice in Health Care. Woodhead-Faulkner Limited. ISBN 0-85941-654-2
- Dhooper, S. S. (2012). Social Work in Health Care: Its Past and Future. SAGE Publications, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4522-0620-2
- Jill Barr, & Lesley Dowding (Eds.) (2015). Leadership in Health Care. SAGE Publications.
- Harris, M. G. (Ed.) (2006). Managing Health Services: Concepts and Practice. Elsevier.
- Daniel B. McLaughlin, & John R. Olson (Eds.) (2012). Healthcare Operations Management. Health Administration Press.
- Curtis, R., & Christian, E. (Eds.) (2012). Integrated care: Applying Theory to Practice. Taylor & Francis.
- James F. McKenzie, & Robert R. Pinger (Eds.) (2014). An Introduction to Community & Public Health. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
- Elizabeth D. Hutchison (Ed.) (2014). Dimensions of Human Behavior: Person and Environment. SAGE Publications.
- Ann Ehrlich, & Carol L. Schroeder (Eds.) (2013). Medical Terminology for Health Professions. Cengage Learning.
- Marianne Neighbors, & Ruth Tannehill-Jones (Eds.) (2015). Human Diseases. Cengage Learning.
- Bohle, P. & Quinlan, M. (Eds.) (2010). Managing Occupational Health & Safety. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Michelle A. Green, & Mary Jo Bowie (Eds.) (2011). Essentials of Health Information Management: Principles and Practices. Cengage Learning.
Articles
- Monterio, Christine; Arnold, Janis; Locke, Susanna; Steinhorn, Lena; Shanske, Susan (15 March 2016). "Social workers as care coordinators: Leaders in ensuring effective, compassionate care". Social Work in Health Care. 55 (3): 195–213. S2CID 9773413.
- Judd, Rebecca G.; Sheffield, Sherry (13 October 2010). "Hospital Social Work: Contemporary Roles and Professional Activities". Social Work in Health Care. 49 (9): 856–871. S2CID 24712431.
- Reisch, Michael (November 2012). "The Challenges of Health Care Reform for Hospital Social Work in the United States". Social Work in Health Care. 51 (10): 873–893. S2CID 205474468.
- Sullivan, Paul (11 September 2012). "The Tightwire Act of Living Only on Social Security". The New York Times.
- Gregorian, Camille (11 May 2005). "A Career in Hospital Social Work: Do You Have What It Takes?". Social Work in Health Care. 40 (3): 1–14. S2CID 25772104.
See also
References
- ^ Jean, Dockhorn (1982). Essentials of social work programs in hospitals. Chicago: American Hospital Association. pp. 1+.
- ^ A Social Worker's Guide to Professional Practice in Hospitals (PDF). Ordre professionnel des travailleurs sociaux du Québec. 1999. p. 4.
- ^ "A Complete Guide to Medical Social Work". Retrieved 2018-09-12.
- ISBN 0-87258-559-X.
- ^ Cabot, Richard Clarke (1915). Social Service and the Art of Healing. New York: Moffat, Yard & Co. pp. 32–37.
- PMID 17603656
- ISBN 978-1-317-01546-8
- ISBN 978-1-317-01546-8.
- ^ "Paying for healthcare: Life in Britain before the 'free' NHS".
- ^ ISBN 9780195124460, p.24
- ISBN 9788184244601, p.351
- ISBN 978-1-904541-23-3
- ^ "MOH | Career & Practices".
- S2CID 225288400.
- ^ "Home".
- ^ ISBN 9781118115916
- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/75263. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ Cannon, Ida M. (1917). Social Work in Hospitals: A Contribution to Progressive Medicine. New York: The Russell Sage Foundation. pp. 6–17.
- ISBN 978-0-917724-04-6.
External links
- NASW - Medical Social Workers
- Society for Social Work Leadership in Health Care
- Social Work in Health Care
- San Diego State University Test Finder
- Institute of Medical Social Workers on record at Warwick University
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- Basic Epidemiology, WHO
- The Health Foundation Resources
- Quality Improvement: Theory and Practice in Healthcare, NHS, UK
- Social Work Psychosocial Assessment - York College