Merton Beckwith-Smith
Merton Beckwith-Smith | |
---|---|
Mentioned in Despatches (2) Croix de guerre (France) | |
Alma mater | Eton College Christ Church, Oxford |
Early life and military career
Beckwith-Smith was born on 11 July 1890 at 24 Walton Street, Chelsea to stockbroker Beckwith Smith and Georgina Butler Moore.[1]
His education took in Warren Hill School at Eastbourne, Eton and Christ Church, Oxford.[1]
In 1910 he was commissioned into the
Second Lieutenant Merton Beckwith Smith, 1st Battalion, Coldstream Guards. On the night of October the 4th, near Vendresse, with a party of 50 men, he attacked and carried with the bayonet the advanced. German trenches, disabling 20 of the enemy, and displayed great enterprise and coolness in this operation, in which he was wounded.
Now a captain, Beckwith-Smith was awarded the French Croix de Guerre in 1917.[3] In the same year Captain Beckwith-Smith was awarded the Military Cross.[4]
Between the wars
After the war Beckwith-Smith commanded the Officers' Training Corps at the University of Oxford.[5] While he was commanding the Officers' Training Corps, the university conferred on him an honorary degree of MA.[6] He then attended the Staff College, Camberley from 1921 to 1922.[7]
The Times recorded Beckwith-Smith's appointment as Officer Commanding the Welsh Guards Regiment and Regimental District from 1 October 1934.[8] In his capacity as Lieutenant-Colonel commanding the Welsh Guards, Beckwith-Smith participated in the Royal Procession at the Trooping the Colour of 1936, and again the following year.[9][10]
Beckwith-Smith spent fourteen months serving in India in command of the Lahore Brigade.[5]
Second World War
France
In 1940, during the Second World War, he was given command of the 1st Guards Brigade, part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) sent to France in 1939/1940.[11]
When Lord Gort was ordered home and was replaced by Harold Alexander, Beckwith-Smith succeeded him in command of the 1st Division.[5]
He took part in the defence of the Dunkirk Perimeter, telling his officers,[1]
We have been given the supreme honour of being the rearguard at Dunkirk. Go and tell your platoons the good news!
During the battle he also spoke to his men about how to deal with the Luftwaffe Stuka dive bombers, 'Stand up to them. Shoot at them with a Bren gun from the shoulder. Take them like a high pheasant. Give them plenty of lead. £5 to any man who brings one down.'[1]
For his service in the Battle of France he was mentioned in dispatches.[12]
After he was evacuated to England, Beckwith-Smith was given command of the Territorial 18th Infantry Division, which he trained in preparation for duty overseas.[13]
Singapore
In early 1942, after many weeks at sea, Beckwith-Smith's division was landed at Singapore.
He was reported just prior to capture as being 'quite undisturbed by the calamity, continuing his duties even when the roof of his headquarters was burning over his head.[5]
Prior to his being sent to Formosa in August 1942, Beckwith-Smith sent a message to his men:[1]
On my departure for Japan I wish to take what may be my last chance to thank all ranks of the 18th Division for their cheerful service and loyal support on many shores and seas during the two years I have had the honour to command the Division.
I regret I have been unable to lead you to the success in battle to which your cause and sacrifice is entitled, and although I leave you with a heavy heart, I carry with me many precious memories and a sense of comradeship such as could only have been inspired by the trials and disappointments which we have shared in the last few months.
Difficult days may still be ahead, but I know that the spirit which today animates all ranks of the Division will prevail and will form the corner-stone on which one day a just and lasting peace will be found.
God grant that day may not be long delayed and that we may soon meet again.
Meanwhile GOOD LUCK, HEADS UP, KEEP SMILING.
— (Sgd.) M. BECKWITH-SMITH Major-General. 18th August 1942
On 11 November 1942 Merton Beckwith-Smith died at Karenko Camp of diphtheria as a prisoner of war.[15] A report in The Times reported that the official Japanese news agency said Colonel Robert Hoffman of the US Army was with him, along with other British generals, when he died.[16] In 1946, the Imperial War Graves Commission (now the Commonwealth War Graves Commission) exhumed all the Taiwan prisoner of war remains and reburied them in the Sai Wan War Cemetery in Hong Kong. Many years later his grave was identified by Jack Edwards on the request of Diana, Princess of Wales.[17][18]
Personal life
Beckwith-Smith married Honor Dorothy Leigh on 14 March 1918 at St George's Church, Hanover Square in Westminster. He lived at the Manor House, Stratton Audley.[19]
References
- ^ a b c d e "Major General Merton Beckwith-Smith | Christ Church, Oxford University". chch.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
- ^ "WAR OFFICE, November 9, 1914". The Edinburgh Gazette. No. 12739. 13 November 1914. p. 1335.
- ^ "Croix de Guerre". The London Gazette. No. 30306. 25 September 1917. p. 9946.
- ^ "Army Honours". The Times. No. 41496. 5 June 1917. p. 4.
- ^ a b c d "Obituary". The Times. No. 49398. 20 November 1942. p. 7.
- ^ "University News". The Times. No. 45114. p. 19.
- ^ Smart 2005, p. 28.
- ^ "The Army". The Times. No. 46784. 19 June 1934. p. 25.
- ^ "Trooping The Colour". The Times. No. 47408. 23 June 1936. p. 13.
- ^ "Trooping The Colour". The Times. No. 47706. 9 June 1937. p. 13.
- ^ "Merton Beckwith-Smith". British Army Officers 1939−1945. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
- ^ Recommendation for Award for Beckwith-Smith.
- ^ Joslen 2003, p. 60.
- ^ Keogh 1962, p. 171.
- ^ Goodman, Eric W. "War Diary of Brigadier Goodman". Britain at War.org. Retrieved 11 September 2009.
- ^ "General Beckwith-Smith". The Times. No. 49398. 20 November 1942. p. 4.
- ^ Staff Jack Edwards 1918 – 2006, The Times obituary 15 August 2006
- ^ "Casualty Details". CWGC.
- ^ "Major-General Merton Beckwith-Smith". War Memorials Online. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
Bibliography
- ISBN 978-1-84415-767-9.
- Joslen, H. F. (2003) [1960]. Orders of Battle: Second World War, 1939–1945. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval and Military Press. ISBN 978-1-84342-474-1.
- OCLC 6213748.
- Smart, Nick (2005). Biographical Dictionary of British Generals of the Second World War. ISBN 1844150496.
- Smith, Colin (2005). Singapore Burning. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-670-91341-1.
- Snape, Michael (2023). Forgotten Warrior: The Life and Times of Major-General Merton Beckwith-Smith 1890-1942. ISBN 978-0281086917.