Christ Church, Oxford

Coordinates: 51°45′01″N 1°15′21″W / 51.750199°N 1.255853°W / 51.750199; -1.255853
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the college of Oxford University. For the cathedral, see Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford.

Christ Church
Oxford
The Great Quadrangle
Arms: Sable, on a cross engrailed argent, a lion passant gules, between four leopards' faces azure, on a chief or, a rose gules barbed and seeded proper, between two Cornish choughs sable, beaked and membered gules.
                    
Location
ex officio[1]
Websitewww.chch.ox.ac.uk
Boat clubChrist Church Boat Club
Map
Christ Church, Oxford is located in Oxford city centre
Christ Church, Oxford

Christ Church (

King Henry VIII, the college is uniquely a joint foundation of the university and the cathedral of the Oxford diocese, Christ Church Cathedral, which also serves as the college chapel and whose dean
is ex officio the college head.

As of 2022, Christ Church had the largest financial endowment of any Oxford college at £770 million.[5] As of 2022, the college had 661 students.[4] Its grounds contain a number of architecturally significant buildings including Tom Tower (designed by Sir Christopher Wren), Tom Quad (the largest quadrangle in Oxford), and the Great Dining Hall, which was the seat of the parliament assembled by King Charles I during the English Civil War. The buildings have inspired replicas throughout the world in addition to being featured in films such as Harry Potter and The Golden Compass, helping Christ Church become the most popular Oxford college for tourists with almost half a million visitors annually.[6]

The college's alumni include 13

King William II of the Netherlands, William Penn, seventeen archbishops, writers Lewis Carroll (author of Alice in Wonderland) and W. H. Auden, philosopher John Locke, and scientist Robert Hooke. Albert Einstein was also associated with the college. The college has several cities and places named after it.[7]

History

Hall of Christ Church
Christ Church's library in the early 19th century

In 1525, at the height of his power,

Cardinal Archbishop of York, suppressed St Frideswide's Priory in Oxford and founded Cardinal College on its lands, using funds from the dissolution of Wallingford Priory and other minor priories.[8] He planned the establishment on a magnificent scale, but fell from grace in 1529, with the buildings only three-quarters complete, as they were to remain for 140 years.[citation needed
]

In 1531 the college was itself suppressed, but it was refounded in 1532 as King Henry VIII's College by

Church of Rome and acquired great wealth through the dissolution of the monasteries in England, refounded the college as Christ Church as part of the reorganisation of the Church of England, making the partially demolished priory church the cathedral of the recently created Diocese of Oxford.[citation needed
]

Christ Church's

Queen Elizabeth I the college has also been associated with Westminster School. The dean remains to this day an ex officio member of the school's governing body.[9][10]

Major additions have been made to the buildings through the centuries, and Wolsey's Great Quadrangle was crowned with the famous

GMT/BST every night, once for each of the 100 original scholars of the college, plus one more stroke added in 1664. In former times this was done at midnight, signalling the close of all college gates throughout Oxford. Since it took 20 minutes to ring the 101, the Christ Church gates, unlike those of other colleges, did not close until 12:20 am. When the ringing was moved back to 9:00 pm, Christ Church gates still remained open until 12.20, 20 minutes later than any other college. Although the clock itself now shows GMT/BST, Christ Church still follows Oxford time in the timings of services in the cathedral.[11]

Marston fell against the wall of the north side of the Hall.[13]

Several of Christ Church's deans achieved high academic distinction, notably

Restoration period, Jackson and Gaisford in the early 19th century and Liddell in the high Victorian era.[citation needed
]

For over four centuries Christ Church admitted men only; the first female students at Christ Church matriculated in 1980.[14]

Organisation

Christ Church, formally titled "The Dean and Chapter of the Cathedral Church of Christ in Oxford of the Foundation of King Henry the Eighth",

British sovereign[15] (currently King Charles III), and the Bishop of Oxford is unique among English bishops in not being the Visitor of his own cathedral.[citation needed
]

The head of the college is the Dean of Christ Church.

dean of the cathedral church. The Dean lives on site in a grand 16th-century house in the main quadrangle. The college's activities are managed by a senior and a junior censor (formally titled the Censor Moralis Philosophiae and the Censor Naturalis Philosophiae) the former of whom is responsible for academic matters, the latter for undergraduate discipline. They are chosen from among the members of the governing body. A Censor Theologiae is also appointed to act as the dean's deputy; this post is currently held by Professor Ian Watson.[citation needed
]

The form "Christ Church College" is considered incorrect, in part because it ignores the cathedral, an integral part of the unique dual foundation.[citation needed]

Governing body

The governing body of Christ Church consists of the dean and

fellows of the other colleges. Until the later 19th century, the Students differed from fellows in that they had no governing powers in their own college, as those resided solely with the dean and chapter. The governing body of Christ Church now has around 60 members. Serving alongside the seven members of Chapter, the other members include statutory professors and associate professors with joint appointments (employed both by the University and Christ Church) as well as early-career Career Development Fellows on fixed-term contracts. Sir John Bell and Sir Tim Berners-Lee are both members of the governing body of Christ Church.[17]

Buildings and grounds

Hall of Christ Church
Tom Tower as seen from Tom Quad
Ducks Tom and Peck in Tom Quad on a sunny day.
The Meadow Building
Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.[23]

Christ Church has a number of architecturally significant buildings. These include:

Grade I listed:

Grade II* listed:

Others:

  • The Meadow Building (Grade II)
  • The Old Library
  • The Lee Building/Anatomy School (Grade II)
  • Christ Church Kitchen & Scullery (Grade II)
  • Old Brew House (Grade II)
  • Liddell Building
  • The Pococke Garden, named after Edward Pococke, Regius Professor of Hebrew (1648–91)[27]

Influences

Christ Church Cathedral from the east across Christ Church Meadow

The college buildings and grounds are the setting for parts of

Pre-Raphaelite William Morris group with designs by Edward Burne-Jones.[32][33]

Resident animals on grounds

Historically, there has been a resident tortoise for the annual Oxford tortoise races.[34] However, since 2020, due to the pandemic, there has not been a tortoise. Recently, there have been two "resident" ducks, which can be seen in Tom Quad, affectionately named "Tom" and "Peck" after two of the famous quadrangles in Christ Church.[35][36]

The Mercury fountain also houses carp, notably a large koi carp named George, which was a gift from the Empress of Japan. A heron may also be frequently seen visiting the pond as their hunting ground. This stopped, in September 2022, when the fishes were moved to a spacious lake home somewhere in Oxfordshire while the College perform essential maintenance on the pond.[37]

Outside the Meadow Building in the Christ Church Meadow, there are also cows present during the day. The cows are of rare English Longhorn breed.[38]

Cathedral choir

Choir and organ of Christ Church Cathedral

Long associated with

Cardinal Wolsey in 1526, to William Walton. The present director of music (known as the organist), is Steven Grahl who succeeded Stephen Darlington in September 2018.[41][42] In recent years, the choir have commissioned recorded works by contemporary composers such as John Tavener, William Mathias and Howard Goodall, also patron of Christ Church Music Society.[citation needed
]

The choir, which broadcasts regularly, have many recordings to their credit and were the subject of a

Vicar of Dibley. They appeared in Howard Goodall's Big Bangs, broadcast in the United Kingdom on Channel 4 in March 2000. Treasures of Christ Church (2011) is an example of the choir's recording and debuted as the highest new entry in the UK Specialist Classical chart.[43] The disc featured on BBC Radio 3's In Tune on 26 September 2011 and on Radio 3's Breakfast Show on 27 September that year.[citation needed
]

Picture gallery

Main article: Christ Church Picture Gallery

Christ Church holds one of the most important private collections of drawings in the UK, including works by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael and Michelangelo. The collection is composed of approximately 300 paintings and 2,000 drawings, a rotated selection of which are available to the public for viewing in the purpose-built Christ Church Picture Gallery. Many of the works were bequeathed by a former member of the college, General John Guise (1682/3-1765), enabling the creation of the first public art gallery in Britain.[44][45][46]

Coat of arms

College arms

College arms

The

Leo X who created Wolsey a Cardinal.[48][49] The arms are depicted beneath a red cardinal's galero with fifteen tassels on either side, and sometimes in front of two crossed croziers.[citation needed
]

Cathedral arms

Christ Church Cathedral arms

There are also arms in use by the cathedral, which were confirmed in a visitation of 1574. They are emblazoned: "Between quarterly, 1st & 4th, France modern (azure three fleurs-de-lys or), 2nd & 3rd, England (gules in pale three lions passant guardant or), on a cross argent an open Bible proper edged and bound with seven clasps or, inscribed with the words In principio erat Verbum, et Verbum erat apud Deum and imperially crowned or."[citation needed]

Graces

The college

preprandial
grace reads:

Latin English
Nōs miserī hominēs et egēnī, prō cibīs quōs nōbis ad corporis subsidium benignē es largītus, tibi, Deus omnipotēns, Pater cælestis, grātiās reverenter agimus; simul obsecrantēs, ut iīs sobriē, modestē atque grātē ūtāmur.

Īnsuper petimus, ut cibum angelōrum, vērum panem cælestem, verbum Deī æternum, Dominum nostrum Iēsum Christum, nōbis impertiāris; utque illō mēns nostra pascātur et per carnem et sanguinem eius fovēāmur, alāmur, et corrōborēmur. Āmen. [50]

"We unhappy and unworthy men do give thee most reverent thanks, Almighty God, our heavenly Father, for the victuals which thou hast bestowed on us for the sustenance of the body, at the same time beseeching thee that we may use them soberly, modestly and gratefully.

And above all we beseech thee to impart to us the food of angels, the true bread of heaven, the eternal Word of God, Jesus Christ our Lord, so that the mind of each of us may feed on him and that through his flesh and blood we may be sustained, nourished and strengthened. Amen."

Christ Church from the south- east across Christ Church Meadow

The first part of the grace is read by a scholar or exhibitioner before

formal hall each evening, ending with the words Per Iēsum Christum Dominum nostrum ("Through Jesus Christ our Lord.") The remainder of the grace, replacing Per Iēsum Christum etc., is usually only read on special occasions.[citation needed
]

There is also a long postprandial grace intended for use after meals, but this is rarely used. When High Table rises (by which time the Hall is largely empty), the senior member on High Table simply says Benedictō benedīcātur ("Let the Blessed One be blessed", or "Let a blessing be given by the Blessed One"), instead of the college postprandial grace.

Student life

Christ Church Great Hall

As well as rooms for accommodation, the buildings of Christ Church include the cathedral, one of the smallest in England, which also acts as the college chapel, a great hall, two libraries, two bars, and separate common rooms for dons, graduates and undergraduates. There are also gardens and a neighbouring sports ground and boat-house.[citation needed]

Accommodation is usually provided for all undergraduates, and for some graduates, although some accommodation is off-site. Accommodation is generally spacious with most rooms equipped with sinks and fridges. Many undergraduate rooms comprise 'sets' of bedrooms and living areas. Members are generally expected to dine in hall, where there are two sittings every evening, one informal and one formal (where gowns must be worn and Latin grace is read). The college offers subsidies on the costs of accommodation and dinners for UK and ROI students from families with lower household incomes.

Middle Common Room (MCR) in other colleges.[citation needed
]

There is a college lending library that supplements the university libraries (many of which are non-lending). Law students have the additional facility of the Burn Law Library, named for Edward Burn.[52] Most undergraduate tutorials are carried out in the college, though for some specialist subjects undergraduates may be sent to tutors in other colleges.[citation needed]

Croquet is played in the Masters' Garden in the summer. The sports ground is mainly used for netball, cricket, tennis, rugby and football and includes Christ Church cricket ground. In recent years the Christ Church Netball Club, which competes on the inter-college level in both mixed and women's matches, has become known as a popular and inclusive sport. Rowing and punting is carried out by the boat-house across Christ Church Meadow – the Christ Church Boat Club is traditionally strong at rowing, having been Head of the River more than all other colleges except Oriel College. The college also owns its own punts which may be borrowed by students or dons.[citation needed]

The college beagle pack (Christ Church and Farley Hill Beagles), which was formerly one of several undergraduate packs in Oxford, is no longer formally connected with the college or the university but continues to be staffed and followed by some Oxford undergraduates.[citation needed]

Christ Church references

"Midnight has come and the great Christ Church bell

And many a lesser bell sound through the room;

And it is All Souls' Night..."

— 
W B Yeats
, All Souls' Night, Oxford (1920)

"The wind had dropped. There was even a glimpse of the moon riding behind the clouds. And now, a solemn and plangent token of Oxford's perpetuity, the first stroke of Great Tom sounded."

— Max Beerbohm, Chapter 21, Zuleika Dobson (1922)

"I must say my thoughts wandered, but I kept turning the pages and watching the light fade, which in Peckwater, my dear, is quite an experience – as darkness falls the stone seems positively to decay under one's eyes. I was reminded of some of those leprous façades in the vieux port at Marseille, until suddenly I was disturbed by such a bawling and caterwauling as you never heard, and there, down in the little piazza, I saw a mob of about twenty terrible young men, and do you know what they were chanting We want Blanche. We want Blanche! in a kind of litany."

— Evelyn Waugh, Brideshead Revisited (1945)

"Those twins / Of learning that he [Wolsey] raised in you,

Ipswich and Oxford! one of which fell with him,
Unwilling to outlive the good that did it;
The other, though unfinish'd, yet so famous,
So excellent in art, and still so rising,

That Christendom shall ever speak his virtue."

— William Shakespeare, Henry VIII (1613)

"By way of light entertainment, I should tell the Committee that it is well known that a match between an archer and a golfer can be fairly close. I spent many a happy evening in the centre of Peckwater Quadrangle at Christ Church, with a bow and arrow, trying to put an arrow over the Kilcannon building into the Mercury Pond in Tom Quad. On occasion, the golfer would win and, on occasion, I would win. Unfortunately, that had to stop when I put an arrow through the bowler hat of the head porter. Luckily, he was unhurt and bore me no ill will. From that time on he always sent me a Christmas card which was signed 'To Robin Hood from the Ancient Briton'"

— Lord Crawshaw, House of Lords, Hansard (Tuesday 8 July 1997)

"There is one oddity; Rudge. Determined to try for Oxford, Christ Church of all places! Might get into Loughborough, in a bad year."

— Alan Bennett, The History Boys (2004)

" And once, in winter, on the causeway chill

Where home through flooded fields foot-travellers go,
Have I not pass'd thee on the wooden bridge,
Wrapt in thy cloak and battling with the snow,
And thou has climb'd the hill,
And gain'd the white brow of the Cumner range;
Turn'd once to watch, while thick the snowflakes fall,
The line of festal light in Christ-Church hall—

Then sought thy straw in some sequester'd grange. "

— 
The Scholar Gypsy
(1853)

Also included in:

Vaughan Williams|An Oxford Elegy
(1947–9) and Hilary Mantel's Wolf Hall trilogy (referred to by its previous name, Cardinal College).

People associated with the college

Deans

Cardinal College

King Henry VIII's College

Christ Church

Main article: Dean of Christ Church, Oxford

Alumni

Main article: List of alumni of Christ Church, Oxford

Notable former students of the college have included politicians, scientists, philosophers, entertainers and academics. Thirteen

Lord Chief Justice 1756–1788 and Chancellor of the Exchequer 1757). From outside the UK, politicians from Canada (Ted Jolliffe), Pakistan (Zulfikar Ali Bhutto), Sri Lanka (S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike) and the United States (Charles Cotesworth Pinckney
) have attended the college.

Prominent philosophers including John Locke, John Rawls, A. J. Ayer, Gilbert Ryle, Michael Dummett, John Searle and Daniel Dennett studied at Christ Church.

There are numerous former students in the fields of academia and theology, including

Ronald Montagu Burrows (Principal of King's College London 1913–1920) and William Stubbs
(Bishop of Oxford 1889–1901 and historian).

Two Olympic rowing gold medallists studied at the college: Jonny Searle and Spanish Civil War volunteer Lewis Clive.[53][54]

In the sciences,

Sir William Osler, biochemist Kenneth Callow, radio astronomer Sir Martin Ryle, psychologist Edward de Bono and epidemiologist Sir Richard Doll are all associated with the college. Albert Einstein
was a learned research fellow.

In other fields,

Edward VII (1841–1910), King of the United Kingdom and Emperor of India, King William II of the Netherlands, Prince Paul of Yugoslavia, entrepreneur and founder of Pennsylvania William Penn, broadcaster David Dimbleby, MP Louise Mensch, BBC composer Howard Goodall, actor Riz Ahmed, the writer Lewis Carroll, poet W. H. Auden, and the former officer of arms Hubert Chesshyre
are other notable students to have previously studied at Christ Church.

See also: Category: Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford and Category: Fellows of Christ Church, Oxford

Gallery

  • Peckwater Quad
    Peckwater Quad
  • Cathedral vault and rose window
    Cathedral vault and rose window
  • Cathedral chancel vault
    Cathedral chancel vault
  • Cathedral altar
    Cathedral altar
  • St Cecilia's window, in the cathedral
    St Cecilia's window, in the cathedral
  • Hall
    Hall
  • War Memorial gardens
    War Memorial gardens
  • The Grand Staircase
    The Grand Staircase

References

  1. ^ a b c Christ Church, Oxford (19 March 2015). "Statutes of Christ Church Oxford" (PDF). chch.ox.ac.uk. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  2. ^ "Student statistics". University of Oxford. 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
  3. ^ "Financial Statements of the Oxford Colleges 2021–22". ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
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  5. ^ "Financial Statements of the Oxford Colleges 2021–22 | University of Oxford". www.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
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  12. ^ "A Brief History of Christ Church" (PDF). Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  13. ^ Varley, Frederick John (1932). The Siege of Oxford: An Account of Oxford during the Civil War, 1642–1646. Oxford University Press. p. 128.
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  28. ^ "The World Behind Alice in Wonderland in Oxford". Untapped Cities. 4 December 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  29. ^ "Alice in Wonderland Oxford | Experience Oxfordshire". Experience Oxfordshire. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
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  31. ^ "Willem II: kunstkoning -". CODART. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  32. ^ "Edward Burne-Jones". Southgate Green Association. Archived from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2022. His work included both stained-glass windows for Christ Church in Oxford and the stained glass windows for Christ Church on Southgate Green.
  33. ^ PreRaphaelite Painting and Design Archived 14 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine University of Texas
  34. ^ News· (19 May 2010). "Competitors shell-shocked by tortoise scandal". The Oxford Student. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  35. ^ "Dr Lucy Taylor blog post gallery | Christ Church, Oxford University". www.chch.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  36. ^ Christ Church [@ChCh_Oxford] (8 April 2021). "Tom and Peck, the Christ Church ducks are back! Maybe we'll soon see some ducklings waddling around Tom Quad?? 🦆🦆 Thanks to @LucyATaylor for the up-close-and-personal photo. #ChristChurchTogether #TomTower9o5 #ChChimes #ducks https://t.co/BpPyd6UwQt" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022 – via Twitter.
  37. ^ @ChCh_Oxford (27 September 2022). "Bye bye fish!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
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  39. ISBN 9780857729880
    . As an undergraduate at Christ Church he attended the High Church services in the cathedral that is part of the college,...
  40. ^ "Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford". Retrieved 15 April 2021.
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  44. ^ Christ Church Picture Gallery Archived 15 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Christ Church, Oxford; 22 January 2013. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
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  49. ISBN 9781087853130
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  52. ^ "Professor Edward Burn obituary". Retrieved 9 March 2022.
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  54. ISBN 9781910448052
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