Pheasant
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Pheasant | |
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Mongolian ringneck-type common pheasant Male | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Galliformes |
Superfamily: | Phasianoidea |
Family: | Phasianidae |
Groups included | |
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Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa | |
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Pheasants (
Pheasants are characterised by strong
A pheasant's call or cry can be recognised by the fact it sounds like a rusty sink or valve being turned.
Pheasants eat mostly seeds, grains, roots, and berries, while in the summer they take advantage of insects, fresh green shoots, spiders, earthworms, and snails. However, as an introduced species, in the UK they are a threat to endangered native adders.[2][dubious ]
The best-known is the common pheasant, which is widespread throughout the world, in introduced feral populations and in farm operations. Various other pheasant species are popular in aviaries, such as the golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus).
Etymology
According to the
Species in taxonomic order
This list is ordered to show presumed relationships between species.
- Subfamily Phasianinae
- Tribe Ithaginini
- Blood pheasant (genus Ithaginis)
- Blood pheasant (I. cruentus)
- Blood pheasant (genus
- Tribe Pucrasiini
- Koklass (genus Pucrasia)
- Koklass pheasant (P. macrolopha)
- Koklass (genus
- Tribe Phasianini
- Long-tailed pheasants (genus Syrmaticus)
- Reeves's pheasant (S. reevesi)
- Elliot's pheasant (S. ellioti)
- Mrs. Hume's pheasant (S. humiae)
- Mikado pheasant (S. mikado)
- Copper pheasant (S. soemmerringi)
- Ruffed pheasants (genus Chrysolophus)
- Golden pheasant (C. pictus)
- Lady Amherst's pheasant (C. amherstiae)
- Typical pheasants (genus Phasianus)
- Green pheasant (P. versicolor)
- Common pheasant (P. colchicus)
- Caucasus pheasants, Phasianus colchicus colchicus group
- White-winged pheasants, Phasianus colchicus chrysomelas/principalis group
- Prince of Wales pheasant, Phasianus colchicus principalis
- Mongolian ring-necked pheasants or white-winged ring-necked pheasants, Phasianus colchicus mongolicus group
- Tarim pheasants, Phasianus colchicus tarimensis group
- Chinese ring-necked pheasants, Phasianus colchicus torquatus group
- Taiwan pheasant, Phasianus colchicus formosanus
- Long-tailed pheasants (genus Syrmaticus)
- Cheer pheasant (genus Catreus)
- Cheer pheasant (C. wallichi)
- Gallopheasants (genus Lophura)
- Kalij pheasant (L. leucomelanos)
- White-crested kalij pheasant (L. l. hamiltoni)
- Nepal kalij pheasant (L. l. leucomelanos)
- Black-backed kalij pheasant (L. l. melanota)
- Black kalij pheasant (L. l. moffitti)
- Black-breasted kalij pheasant (L. l. lathami)
- William's kalij pheasant (L. l. williamsi)
- Oates' kalij pheasant (L. l. oatesi)
- Crawfurd's kalij pheasant (L. l. crawfurdi)
- Lineated kalij pheasant (L. l. lineata)
- Silver pheasant (L. nycthemera)
- Imperial pheasant (L. imperialis)
- Edwards's pheasant (L. edwardsi)
- Vietnamese pheasant (L. hatinhensis)
- Swinhoe's pheasant (L. swinhoii)
- Salvadori's pheasant (L. inornata)
- Hoogerwerf's pheasant (L. i. hoogerwerfi)
- Malayan crestless fireback (L. erythrophthalma)
- Bornean crestless fireback (L. pyronota)
- Bornean crested fireback (L. ignita)
- Lesser Bornean crested fireback (L. i. ignita)
- Greater Bornean crested fireback (L. i. nobilis)
- Malayan crested fireback (L. rufa)
- Siamese fireback (L. diardi)
- Bulwer's pheasant (L. bulweri)
- Kalij pheasant (L. leucomelanos)
- Eared pheasants (genus Crossoptilon)
- White eared pheasant (C. crossoptilon)
- Tibetan eared pheasant (C. harmani)
- Brown eared pheasant (C. mantchuricum)
- Blue eared pheasant (C. auritum)
- Tribe Ithaginini
- Subfamily Pavoninae
- Tribe Pavonini
- Crested argus (genus Rheinardia)
- Vietnamese crested argus (R. ocellata)
- Malayan crested argus (R. nigrescens)
- Great argus (genus Argusianus)
- Great argus (A. argus)
- Crested argus (genus
- Tribe Polyprectronini
- Peacock-pheasants (genus Polyplectron)
- Bronze-tailed peacock-pheasant (P. chalcurum)
- Mountain peacock-pheasant (P. inopinatum)
- Germain's peacock-pheasant (P. germaini)
- Grey peacock-pheasant (P. bicalcaratum
- Hainan peacock-pheasant (Polyplectron katsumatae)
- Malayan peacock-pheasant (P. malacense)
- Bornean peacock-pheasant (P. schleiermacheri)
- Palawan peacock-pheasant (P. emphanum)
- Peacock-pheasants (genus
- Tribe Pavonini
Previous classifications
Euplocamus and Gennceus are older names more or less corresponding to the current Lophura.
- Euplocamus was used, for example, by Hume and Marshall in their Game Birds of India, Burmah and Ceylon (1879–1881).
- Gennceus, was used, for example, by Frank Finn in Indian Sporting Birds (1915) and Game Birds of India and Asia (1911?).
These old genera were used for:
Vernacular | Hume & Marshall | Finn: Sporting Birds | Finn: Game Birds | Contemporary |
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Vieillot's crested fireback |
E. vielloti | Lophura rufa (sic) | L. ignita rufa | |
Black-backed kalij |
E. melanonotus | G. melanonotus | L. leucomelanos melanota | |
Common or white-crested kalij |
E. albocristatus | G. albocristatus | L. leucomelanos hamiltoni | |
Nepal kalij |
E. leucomelanus | G. leucomelanus | L. leucomelanos leucomelanos | |
Purple, Horsfield's or black-breasted kalij |
E. horsfieldi | G. horsfieldi | L. leucomelanos lathami | |
Lineated kalij |
E. lineatus | G. lineatus also: Burmese silver pheasant | L. leucomelanos lineata | |
Anderson's silver pheasant |
? | G. andersoni, considered hybrid of L. nycthemera and L. l. lineata | L. nycthemera andersoni (invalid) | |
Crawfurd's silver pheasant (or Crawford's? ) | E. andersoni | considered a further cross of Anderson's and L. l. lineata | ? | |
Crawfurd's kalij (same as C.'s silver pheasant?) |
? | G. andersoni | L. leucomelanos crawfurdi | |
Cuvier's kalij | ? | G. cuvieri | ? | |
Oates's kalij |
? | G. oatesi | L. leucomelanos oatesi | |
Whitehead's silver pheasant | ? | G. whiteheadi | ? | |
Swinhoe's kalij |
? | G. swinhoii | L. swinhoii |
References
- S2CID 231963063.
- ^ Nicolas Milton (1 Oct 2020). "Game birds 'could wipe out adders in most of Britain within 12 years'". Guardian newspapers.
- ^ "pheasant". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
Bibliography
- New York Zoological Society, 1936.)
- ISBN 0-8109-1007-1.
- Madge and McGowan, Pheasants, Partridges and Grouse ISBN 0-7136-3966-0
External links
- Videos of pheasants in the Internet Bird Collection