Meteorological history of Hurricane Dean

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Hurricane Dean
Track map of Hurricane Dean
Meteorological history
FormedAugust 13, 2007
DissipatedAugust 23, 2007
Category 5 major hurricane
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds175 mph (280 km/h)
Lowest pressure905 mbar (hPa); 26.72 inHg
Overall effects
Areas affectedLesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Nicaragua, Honduras, Belize, Guatemala, Mexico
Part of the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season
History

Impact

Other wikis

The meteorological history of

Tropical Depression Four while it was still more than 1,500 mi (2,400 km) east of the Lesser Antilles
.

A deep layered ridge to its north steered the system west as it moved rapidly towards the

Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. Weakening slightly, it brushed the southern coast of Jamaica on August 19 as a Category 4 hurricane and continued towards the Yucatán Peninsula through even warmer waters. The favorable conditions of the western Caribbean Sea allowed the storm to intensify and it regained Category 5 status the next day before making landfall in southern Quintana Roo
.

Hurricane Dean was one of two storms in the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season to make landfall as a Category 5 hurricane and was the seventh most intense Atlantic hurricane ever recorded, tied with Camille and Mitch. After its first landfall, Hurricane Dean crossed the Yucatán Peninsula and emerged, weakened, into the Bay of Campeche. It briefly restrengthened in the warm waters of the bay before making a second landfall in Veracruz. Dean progressed to the northwest, weakening into a remnant low which finally dissipated over the southwestern United States.

Formation

Satellite image of the low that eventually became Hurricane Dean. Taken at 1245 UTC on August 12, 2007

On August 11, 2007, a vigorous

west-southwest of Cape Verde.[6]

The

depression was already exhibiting persistent deep convection in the western portion of its circulation.[7] It moved quickly westward, south of a deep layered ridge,[8] escaping the easterly wind shear that had been slowing its development and moving over warmer waters.[9] At 1500 UTC on August 14, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Dean[10] while still 1450 mi (2300 km) east of Barbados.[11] Even as its convection waned slightly that afternoon, its intensity grew,[12] and convection flared in the center that night. Dry air and cooler air inflow from the north slowed structural development; nevertheless, ragged bands began to form on August 15.[13] By mid-morning, a rough banding eye had formed,[14] and by the next morning a full eye developed.[11] The storm was upgraded to Hurricane Dean at 0900 UTC August 16,[15] 550 mi (890 km) east of Barbados.[11]

A strong ridge of high pressure continued to push the system west, towards the

Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.[17] The eye disappeared briefly overnight, possibly as part of a diurnal fluctuation,[18] but returned by the morning of August 17.[19]

Caribbean Sea and first landfall

At 0930 

Category 4 hurricane,[23] and by 0600 UTC on August 18, Dean reached Category 5 intensity for the first time with 165 mph (270 km/h) winds.[11] The storm's wind radii increased in all quadrants as the storm grew in both intensity and size.[24][25] At 0800 UTC August 18, Hurricane Dean passed directly over NOAA sea buoy 42059[24] which reported a significant wave height (average size of the largest 33% of waves) of 33 ft (10 m).[26] On August 18, Hurricane Dean developed a double eyewall,[27] indicating that an eyewall replacement cycle was taking place and causing short term fluctuations in intensity as Dean weakened back to a Category 4 hurricane.[11][28][29] That afternoon the hurricane continued to improve its outflow, and its numerous spiral bands gave it a well defined satellite presentation.[27] Hurricane Dean finished the eyewall replacement cycle early on August 19 with some trochoidal wobbles.[30][31]

Category 4 storm on August 20 at approximately 1841 UTC
, 14 hours before landfall

On the morning of August 19, the storm remained slightly weakened from its peak strength. As a Category 4 hurricane with wind speeds between 140 mph (220 km/h) and 145 mph (230 km/h), the center of Hurricane Dean passed 90 mi (150 km) south of Haiti, and that evening passed 25 mi (40 km) south of Jamaica. Two weather stations on the island of Jamaica, one at Ingleside and the other at Morant Bay, both reported in excess of 13 in (33 cm) of rainfall.[11] In contrast, the weather station at Les Cayes, Haiti recorded only 1.18 in (3 cm) of rainfall.[32]

Most intense Atlantic hurricanes
Rank Hurricane Season Pressure
hPa inHg
1 Wilma 2005 882 26.05
2 Gilbert 1988 888 26.23
3 "Labor Day" 1935 892 26.34
4 Rita 2005 895 26.43
5 Allen 1980 899 26.55
6 Camille 1969 900 26.58
7 Katrina 2005 902 26.64
8 Mitch 1998 905 26.73
Dean 2007
10 Maria 2017 908 26.81
Source: HURDAT[33]

Hurricane Dean intensified through the night of August 19

Category 5 hurricane once again.[11][40] This time, it was less than 210 mi (335 km) from its first landfall.[41]

Although many of the convective bands were already located over the Yucatán Peninsula, Hurricane Dean continued to intensify until the eye made landfall. As the eye moved over Mexico near the town of

Mexican state of Quintana Roo near 18.7 N 87.8 W at 0900 UTC August 21 and brought with it a storm surge of 12–18 ft (3.7–5.5 m).[42] A weather station at Chetumal (the capital of Quintana Roo, Mexico) reported 6.65 in (17 cm) of rainfall during Hurricane Dean's landfall.[11] As expected, the landfall caused significant weakening of the storm; the eye filled and the cold cloud-tops warmed.[43] The land severely disrupted the storm's organization, and by the time Dean crossed the Yucatán Peninsula it had weakened to a Category 1 hurricane.[44]

Gulf of Mexico and demise

Hurricane Dean emerged into the Bay of Campeche as a Category 1 hurricane on the afternoon of August 21. Its inner core was largely disrupted,[11] so although a ragged eye reformed over the warm waters of the bay,[45] the hurricane no longer had the structure to support its previous strength.[11][46] Nevertheless, the warm waters of the bay proved conducive for some development and the eye contracted overnight, indicating that the hurricane was regaining structure. With better structure came stronger winds of 100 mph (160 km/h), and the storm was re-categorized as a Category 2 hurricane.[11][47]

The storm's strengthening pattern continued until Hurricane Dean made its second and final landfall at 1630 UTC August 22 near Tecolutla, Veracruz, just east of Gutiérrez Zamora and about 40 mi (65 km) south-southeast of Tuxpan.[48] A weather station at Requetemu, San Luis Potosí, recorded 15.4 in (39 cm) of rainfall during the storm's second landfall.[11] Dean weakened rapidly, losing its low level circulation within hours and its mid-level circulation the next day as it encountered the Sierra Madre Oriental mountain range. Its remnants passed over the mountains and into the eastern Pacific Ocean as a broad area of low pressure.[49] Hurricane Dean's remnant low pressure system then drifted north into southern California, bringing thunderstorms to northern San Diego County, and more than 2 in (5 cm) of rain to Lake Wohlford. In Escondido almost 2 in (5 cm) of rain fell in 90 minutes.[50] The remnant low pressure system weakened over western Arizona and southern California before finally dissipating on August 30.[51]

See also

References

  1. ^ Richard Knabb (2007-08-11). "August 11 Tropical Weather Outlook 15z". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-14.[permanent dead link]
  2. ^ Jamie Rhome (2007-08-11). "August 11 Tropical Weather Outlook 21z". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-14.[permanent dead link]
  3. ^ Jamie Rhome (2007-08-12). "August 12 Tropical Weather Outlook 09z". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-14.[permanent dead link]
  4. ^ Daniel Brown, James Franklin (2007-08-12). "August 12 Tropical Weather Outlook 21z". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-14.[permanent dead link]
  5. ^ Daniel Brown (2007-08-12). "August 12 Tropical Weather Outlook 03z". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-14.[permanent dead link]
  6. ^ Richard Knabb, Eric Blake (2007-08-13). "August 13 Tropical Weather Outlook 15z". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-14.[permanent dead link]
  7. ^ Richard Knabb (2007-08-13). "Tropical Depression Four Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  8. ^ Daniel Brown, James Franklin (2007-08-13). "Tropical Depression Four Discussion Three". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  9. ^ Jamie Rhome (2007-08-14). "Tropical Depression Four Discussion Four". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  10. ^ Lixion Avila (2007-08-15). "Tropical Storm Dean Discussion Five". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o James Franklin (2008-04-07). "Tropical Cyclone Report for Hurricane Dean" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2008-07-13.
  12. ^ Chris Landsea, Richard Knabb (2007-08-14). "Tropical Storm Dean Discussion Six". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
  13. ^ Jack Beven (2007-08-15). "Tropical Storm Dean Discussion Eight". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
  14. ^ Eric Blake (2007-08-15). "Tropical Storm Dean Discussion Nine". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
  15. ^ Jack Beven (2007-08-16). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Twelve". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  16. ^ Eric Blake (2007-08-16). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Thirteen". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  17. ^ Lixion Avila, Eric Blake (2007-08-16). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Fourteen". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  18. ^ James Franklin (2007-08-16). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Fifteen". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  19. ^ Jack Beven (2007-08-17). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Sixteen". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  20. ^ a b Lixion Avila (2007-08-17). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Seventeen". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  21. ^ a b Lixion Avila (2007-08-17). "Hurricane Dean Special Discussion Nineteen". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  22. ^ Lixion Avila, Michelle Mainelli (2007-08-17). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Eighteen". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  23. ^ Richard Knabb (2007-08-17). "Hurricane Dean Intermediate Advisory Nineteen 'A'". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  24. ^ a b Richard Knabb (2007-08-17). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  25. ^ Jack Beven (2007-08-18). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty One". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-18.
  26. ^ Staff Writer (2007-08-16). "Significant Wave Height at 42059". National Data Buoy Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2014-03-07. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  27. ^ a b Lixion Avila (2007-08-18). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty Three". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-18.
  28. ^ Lixion Avila (2007-08-18). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty Two". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-18.
  29. ^ Richard Knabb (2007-08-18). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty Four". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-18.
  30. ^ Richard Pasch, Daniel Brown (2007-08-19). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty Five". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  31. ^ James Franklin (2007-08-19). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty Six". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  32. ^ "Rainfall — ORE Camp-Perrin, Cayes, Haiti - 2007 - (in inches)" (PDF). Organization for the Rehabilitation of the Environment. 2007-11-08. Retrieved 2008-07-02.
  33. ^ "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved April 18, 2024. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  34. ^ Richard Knabb, Dave Roberts (2007-08-19). "Hurricane Dean Public Advisory Twenty Eight". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
  35. ^ Richard Knabb (2007-08-19). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty Eight". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
  36. ^ "Significant Wave Height at 42056". National Data Buoy Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2007-08-20. Archived from the original on July 4, 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
  37. ^ Richard Pasch, Daniel Brown (2007-08-20). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty Nine". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
  38. ^ James Franklin (2007-08-20). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Thirty". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
  39. ^ James Franklin (2007-08-20). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Thirty One". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
  40. ^ Richard Knabb (2007-08-20). "Hurricane Dean Tropical Cyclone Update". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
  41. ^ Richard Knabb Dave Roberts (2007-08-20). "Hurricane Dean Intermediate Advisory Thirty One A". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
  42. ^ Staff Writer (2007-08-21). "Hurricane Dean Weakens, Expected to Spare Texas". NPR.org. Retrieved 2008-07-01.
  43. ^ James Franklin (2007-08-21). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Thirty Four". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
  44. ^ James Franklin, Jamie Rhome (2007-08-21). "Hurricane Dean Intermediate Advisory Thirty Four A". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
  45. ^ Lixion Avila (2007-08-21). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Thirty Six". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
  46. ^ Jack Beven (2007-08-22). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Thirty Seven". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
  47. ^ James Franklin, Michelle Mainelli (2007-08-22). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Thirty Eight". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
  48. ^ James Franklin (2007-08-22). "Hurricane Dean Tropical Cyclone Updatework=National Hurricane Center". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
  49. ^ Lixion Avila (2007-08-22). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Forty". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
  50. ^ Stuart Hinson (2007-08-26). "NCDC Event Record Details 679276". National Climate Data Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2011-05-20. Retrieved 2008-07-02.
  51. ^ Jackson (2007-08-30). "Surface Weather Map at 7:00 A.M. E.S.T." National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2008-07-02.

External links

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