Military prison

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Prisoner-of-war camp.

A military prison is a

prisoners of war
.

Australia

The Australian Defence Force states it has no prisons.[1] Instead they have a single facility, the Defence Force Correctional Establishment, which aims to rehabilitate members who have been sentenced to detention for breaching military regulations or law; employees of the establishment are considered "instructors" rather than guards.[2] Military personnel may be sent there for between 14 days' to two years' rehabilitation before returning to active duty; the average sentence is about 23 days. In addition, there are 15 detention centres located within military bases across Australia.[3]

Canada

The

incarcerated at CFSPDB. Men, although in the same prison, are kept separate from women. The prison is maintained and controlled by the Canadian Forces Military Police, although NCOs from various branches of the Canadian Forces serve at the prison as staff. Service personnel who are convicted of less serious offences are considered to be in "detention", and undergo a strict military routine aimed at rehabilitation for their return to regular military service, whereas personnel convicted of more serious offences are considered to be in "prison" and upon completion of their sentence they are released from the military. Serious offenders with sentences longer than two years are transferred to the Canadian federal prison system after serving 729 days, to complete their sentence in the civilian prison system, followed by release from the Canadian Forces. Any service personnel serving a sentence of 14 days or less are held in local base Military Police Detachment cells at the various Canadian Forces Bases within Canada.[4]

Israel

The Israeli Military Prison is a prison for guarding soldiers who committed crimes during their service.

Italy

In Italy, only one military jail now exists: the

Corpo Forestale dello Stato) are also held in military jail.[citation needed
]

Switzerland

In Switzerland, there are no special military prisons. Sentences are to be served in civilian prisons.[citation needed]

United Kingdom

The

dishonourable discharge
. There are three categories of prisoner:

  • Those from the Royal Navy (RN), Royal Marines (RM), British Army, and the Royal Air Force (RAF) who are to remain in the Services after sentence and will serve their detention in A Company.
  • Those from the RN, RM, British Army and RAF who are to be discharged after their sentence and will serve their detention in D Company.
  • Those held in Military custody awaiting the outcome of an investigation, or awaiting HM Prison or
    YOI
    placement.

United States

Main article: List of U.S. military prisons
Naval Consolidated Brig, Miramar in San Diego, California

The

marine forces. Members of the U.S. Armed Forces are subject to the Uniform Code of Military Justice and are convicted to confinement via courts-martial.[5][6] The U.S. Armed Forces currently maintain several regional prisoner-holding facilities in the U.S. In the United States, differential treatment seems to be suggested, but by no means mandated, by the Founding Fathers in the Fifth Amendment to its constitution.[citation needed] In former times, criminals in the naval service were sent to the once-infamous Portsmouth Naval Prison,[citation needed
] which was closed in 1974.

Prisoners under military jurisdiction, by branch of service[7]

  
U.S. Coast Guard
(1%)

Organization

Today's American military prison systems are designed to house people who commit a criminal offense while in service.

San Diego, California.[10][11]

Composition

Data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics breaks down military prisoners by five different military branches. As of 2020 the confined population by branch was 557 prisoners from the Army, 253 prisoners from the Marine Corps, 156 prisoners from the Navy, 7 prisoners from the Coast Guard, and 227 prisoners from the Air Force.[7] 44 of these prisoners were military officers. A significant number of these prisoners are males, with only 54 being female.[12][needs update] A plurality were Caucasian, followed by African Americans and Hispanics.[12][needs update] Most of the crimes committed by military prisoners are violent offenses, with violent sexual crimes being 41.1% of the crime.[7] The next most frequent crimes committed by military prisoners are drug-related offenses, followed by property offenses, such as theft.[7] There are a small percentage of other crimes committed, such as military offenses.[7] Military offense examples are disrespect, insubordination, and false offense statements. The most recent data from 2020 of military prisoners has shown a small drop from 1214 prisoners in 2019 to 1180 in 2020.[7]

Incarceration of prisoners-of-war

The Geneva Conventions provides an international protocol defining minimum requirements and safeguards for prisoners of war. Prisoners are often kept in ad hoc camps near the battlefield, guarded by military police until they can be transferred to more permanent barracks for the duration of the conflict. Treatment has varied from age to age and nation to nation, the quality of conditions for prisoners often being linked with the intensity of the conflict and the resources of the warring parties.

In popular culture

Military prisons and the treatment of military prisoners have often figured prominently in modern literature, cinema and even politics. In the 19th century, written accounts of the barbaric treatment accorded prisoners on both sides during the Napoleonic and Crimean wars helped lead to the founding of the

Red Cross and the promulgation of the Geneva Conventions
.

There are numerous examples of 20th and 21st-century cinema dealing with military prisons. Stalag 17 (1953) portrays the struggles of a group of American airmen in a German Luftwaffe prison and is based on the play of the same name written by former prisoners of war. The Caine Mutiny (1954) deals with the military legal system during World War II. The Great Escape (1963), details the true-life adventures of a mixed group of Allied prisoners attempting to escape from a German Luftwaffe stalag. The Hill (1965) was set in a British military penal camp in North Africa during World War II. The Last Detail (1973) is a film that tells the story of two sailors assigned to a temporary detail transporting a prisoner. Andersonville (1996) and The Andersonville Trial (1970), both TV movies, dealt with the conditions at Andersonville Prison and its aftermath. The Last Castle (2001) shows a former U.S. Army general who is sent to a military prison after contradicting a direct order. Hart's War (2002) features American POWs in a German prison camp.

Some of the late-20th-century military novels of American writer W. E. B. Griffin make mention of the former Portsmouth Naval Prison facility.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Meechan, A.W. (1998). "A Review of the Defence Force Corrective Establishment" (PDF). Department of Defence. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 January 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  2. ^ Burton, Sean (19 June 2002). "A correct approach". Air Force. Department of Defence. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  3. ^ Kretowicz, Ewa (21 July 2015). "Detention rates falling in armed forces". The Canberra Times. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
  4. ^ Harris, Kathleen (January 27, 2008). "Trading a military uniform for an orange jumpsuit". Sun Media. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012. Retrieved October 3, 2009.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  5. Department of Defense; Library of Congress. 2019. pp. A2-22. https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.law/llmlp.MCM-2019
    .
  6. ^ Art. 58. Execution of confinement
  7. ^ a b c d e f Carson, Elizabeth A. (2020-12-14). Prisoners in 2020 – Statistical Tables (PDF) (Report). Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved 2023-03-01.
  8. Washington, DC
    : United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, United States v. Hale, 78 M.J. 268
  9. ^
    ISSN 0190-2563
    – via MasterFILE Complete.
  10. ^ Service, Army News. "Doing Time At Leavenworth". The Balance Careers.
  11. ^ "United States Disciplinary Barracks". Visit Leavenworth.
  12. ^ a b "Bureau of Justice Statistics. (1998). Correctional population in the United States, 1998" (PDF).
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