Muara Angke Wildlife Reserve
Muara Angke mangrove forest and wildlife sanctuary is a protected nature conservation area at Kapuk Muara, Penjaringan along the north coast of Jakarta, Indonesia. Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary is located at the end of Muara Karang Raya street, near Mediterranean Gallery shopping complex.
History
Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary was protected since the colonial rule of the Dutch Indies on June 17, 1939, covering an area of 15.04 ha. During the 1960s, the conservation area was expanded to 1,344.62 hectares. Later, because of human pressure and environmental destruction within and around the national park, some of the mangrove forest area were destroyed.
On February 28, 1988, the area was declared a Nature Reserve (25.4 ha).[1] In November 1998, the status of this area changed to Wildlife Sanctuary or Suaka Margasatwa (25.02 ha).[2] Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary is listed as one of the important bird sanctuary in Java, protecting bird species such as milky stork and the endemic Sunda coucal.[3] Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary is currently facing issues such as mangrove cutting, water pollution (especially in Angke River), and settlements development at the edge of the area.[4]
Vegetation
There are about 30 species of plants recorded and 11 of them are true mangrove species in the mangrove forest. The true mangrove species include the bakau ( Rhizophora mucronata, R. apiculata ), api-api ( Avicennia spp.), pidada ( Sonneratia caseolaris ), and buta-buta ( Excoecaria agallocha ). Several types of mangrove associates can also be found in this area such as ketapang ( Terminalia catappa ) and nipah ( Nypa fruticans ). In addition to the above types, there are also several types of trees planted for reforestation. For example tamarind ( Tamarindus indica ), bintaro ( Cerbera manghas ), akasia ( Acacia auriculiformis ), nyamplung ( Calophyllum inophyllum ), putut ( Bruguiera gymnorrhiza ), and waru ( Hibiscus tiliaceus ).
Fauna
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The wildlife sanctuary is home to various species of birds and other animals that have been hard to find in other areas of Jakarta. Jakarta Green Monster recorded all 91 species of birds, namely 28 species of water birds and 63 species of forest birds, living in this region. About 17 species of them are protected bird species.
Types of birds that often encountered include pecuk padi kecil (
In addition to the species of birds, there are also groups of long-tailed macaques (
Another type of mammals that can be found in the sanctuary, but rarely seen, is the small-clawed otter (
See also
References
- ^ SK Menteri Kehutanan No. 095/Kpts-II/88 on 28 February 1988 (Anon 1997)
- ^ SK Menteri Kehutanan dan Perkebunan No 097/Kpts-II/1998
- ^ "Muara Angke". BirdLife International. BirdLife International. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
- ^ MacKinnon et al. 1982
