Name of Bosnia

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The Roman station Ad Basante from 5th century itinerarium Tabula Peutingeriana.

The name of

Eyalet of Bosnia. After the Austro-Hungarian occupation in 1878, the region of Bosnia was reorganized and the name of its region of Herzegovina incorporated into the dual name of Bosnia and Herzegovina
.

From the name of Bosnia, various local terms (

Bosniaks
.

Etymology

The name of the polity of Bosnia as per traditional view in linguistics originated as a

Bosna river, believed to be of pre-Slavic origin.[2]

Bosna river marked as Basante on the historical map of the Roman provinces from Gustav Droysens Historical Atlas, 1886.

The river may have been mentioned for the first time in the 1st century AD by Roman historian

Breuci from the Osseriates.[4] Some scholars also connect the Roman road station Ad Basante, first attested in the 5th century Tabula Peutingeriana, to Bosnia.[5][6] According to the English medievalist William Miller in the work Essays on the Latin Orient (1921), the Slavic settlers in Bosnia "adapted the Latin designation [...] Basante, to their own idiom by calling the stream Bosna and themselves Bosniaks [...]".[5]
According to philologist Anton Mayer the name Bosna could essentially be derived from
Slavicization occurred in the following order; *Bassanus> *Bassenus> *Bassinus> *Bosina> Bosьna> Bosna.[7] Other theories involve the rare Latin term Bosina, meaning boundary, and possible Slavic and Thracian origins.[8][9] Theories that advocates the link of the name Bosnia, and thus of the Bosniaks with the Early Slavs of northern Europe has initially been proposed by the 19th century historians Joachim Lelewel and Johann Kaspar Zeuss, who considered the name of Bosnia to be derived from a Slavic ethnonym, Buzhans (Latin: Busani), mentioned in the Primary Chronicle and by the Geographus Bavarus in his Description of cities and lands north of the Danube. According to both Lelewel and Zeuss Buzhans settled in Bosnia.[10][11] The theory of Slavic origin of the name Bosnia and its possible connection with the Slavic tribe of Buzhans, came also to be advocated by the 20th and 21st century Yugoslav and Bosnian historians such as Marko Vego,[12] Muhamed Hadžijahić[13] and Mustafa Imamović.[14]

In the Slavic languages, -ak is a common suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, for instance also found in the ethnonym of Poles (Polak) and Slovaks (Slovák). As such, "Bosniak" is etymologically equivalent to its non-ethnic counterpart "Bosnian" (which entered English around the same time via the Middle French, Bosnien): a native of Bosnia.[15]

Medieval terms for Bosnia and its population

See also: Bošnjani

The first mention of a Bosnia is from De Administrando Imperio (DAI; c. 960), which mentions it as χοριον Βοσωνα (horion Bosona, a "small country Bos(o)na").[16]

In following centuries, the name was used as a designation for a medieval polity, called the Banate of Bosnia and transformed by 1377 into the Kingdom of Bosnia. After the Ottoman conquest in 1463, the name was adopted and used as a designation for the Sanjak of Bosnia

From the name of Bosnia and depending on era, various local

Władysław Warneńczyk (r. 1440–44), asserted that the ancestors of the Bosnians and Poles were the same, and that they speak the same language.[19]

Terminology from the Ottoman period

After the

Eyalet of Bosnia
.

During this period, demonym

Bosniacs (Bošnjaci) and Bosnians
(Bosanci) were also used as common demonyms, denoting all Slavic inhabitants of Bosnia, regardless of their religion.

The 17th-century Ottoman traveler and writer

Seyahatname of the people in Bosnia as natively known as Bosnians.[21] However, the concept of nationhood was foreign to the Ottomans at that time – not to mention the idea that Muslims and Christians of some military province could foster any common supra-confessional sense of identity. Nevertheless, the inhabitants of Bosnia used the same common name, calling themselves from Bosnian, in the full spectrum of the word's meaning with a foundation as a territorial designation, while also using a series of regional and confessional names, all the way to modern-day national ones. In this regard, Christian Bosnians had not described themselves as either Serbs or Croats prior to the early 19th century in case of Serbs, and early 20th century in case of Croats according to researchers Robert J. Donia, John V. A. Fine, Dubravko Lovrenović.[22][23]

During the 19th century, many prominent Catholics were staunch proponent of

Bosniak national identity, particularly among Bosnian Franciscans, most notable of whom were Fra Matija Divković Ivan Frano Jukić, Antun Knežević, Marijan Šunjić, Martin Nedić, Jako Baltić, Blaž Josić and fra Grgo Martić while being an active member of the Illyrian Movement.[24]

"Bosniaks" as a demonym in Early modern Western use

According to the Bosniak entry in the Oxford English Dictionary, the first preserved use of "Bosniak" in English was by British diplomat and historian Paul Rycaut in 1680 as Bosnack, cognate with post-classical Latin Bosniacus (1682 or earlier), French Bosniaque (1695 or earlier) or German Bosniak (1737 or earlier).[25] The modern spelling is contained in the 1836 Penny Cyclopaedia V. 231/1: "The inhabitants of Bosnia are composed of Bosniaks, a race of Sclavonian origin".[26]

Bosniak ethnonym

During Yugoslavia, the term "Muslims" (

Bosniaks.[27][28]

References

  1. ^ Moravcsik 1967, p. 160-161.
  2. ^ Indira Šabić (2014). Onomastička analiza bosanskohercegovačkih srednjovjekovnih administrativnih tekstova i stećaka (PDF). Osijek: Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera. pp. 165–167.
  3. ISBN 9789958031106
    .
  4. ^ Salmedin Mesihović (2010). AEVVM DOLABELLAE – DOLABELINO DOBA. Vol. XXXIX. Sarajevo: Centar za balkanološka ispitivanja, Akademija nauka i umjetnosti. p. 10.
  5. ^
    ISBN 9781107455535.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link
    )
  6. ISBN 9781109124637
    .
  7. ^ a b Indira Šabić (2014). Onomastička analiza bosanskohercegovačkih srednjovjekovnih administrativnih tekstova i stećaka (PDF). Osijek: Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera. p. 165.
  8. ^ "Filozofski fakultet Osijek" (PDF). 2017-01-14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-01-14. Retrieved 2023-04-15.
  9. ^ Rizvić, Muhsin (1996). Bosna i Bošnjaci (in Bosnian). Sarajevo. p. 6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  10. ^ Lelewel, Joachim. Géographie du moyen âge (in French). p. 43.
  11. ^ Zeuss, Johan Kaspar (1837). Die Deutschen und die Nachbarstämme (in German). p. 615.
  12. ^ Vego, Marko. Postanak srednjovjekovne bosanske države (in Bosnian). Svjetlost. pp. 20–21.
  13. ^ Hadžijahić, Muhamed (2004). Povijest Bosne u IX i X stoljeću (in Bosnian). pp. 113, 164–165.
  14. ^ Imamović, Mustafa (1996). Historija Bošnjaka (in Bosnian). Sarajevo: Preporod. pp. 24–25.
  15. ^ "Bosnian". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005.
  16. ^ Kaimakamova & Salamon 2007, p. 244.
  17. ISBN 9781850657675
    .
  18. ^ Nakaš, Župarić, Lalić, Dautović, Kurtović, (2018), Codex diplomaticus regni bosnae - povelje i pisma stare bosanske države, pp. 70, 73, 75, 79, 93, 96, 99, 107, 112, 381, Mladinska knjiga Sarajevo
  19. ^ Hadžijahić 1974, p. 7.
  20. ISBN 978-1-78076-111-4
    .
  21. ^ Evlija Čelebi, Putopis: odlomci o jugoslavenskim zemljama, (Sarajevo: Svjetlost, 1967), p. 120
  22. ^ Donia & Fine 1994, p. 73.
  23. ISSN 0350-6398
    .
  24. ^ Marko Atilla Hoare, (2007), The history of Bosnia: from the Middle ages to the Present day, p.60
  25. ^ "Bosniak". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005.
  26. ^ Charles Knight (1836). The Penny Cyclopaedia. Vol. V. London: The Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p. 231.
  27. ^ Motyl 2001, pp. 57.
  28. ^ "VKBI: Navršava se 27 godina od vraćanja imena Bošnjaci i bosanski jezik | Sarajevo.ba". www.sarajevo.ba (in Bosnian). 27 Sep 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2023.

Sources

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