Bosna (river)

Coordinates: 45°4′0″N 18°28′1″E / 45.06667°N 18.46694°E / 45.06667; 18.46694
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Bosna
Bosanski Šamac
Physical characteristics
SourceVrelo Bosne
 • locationIgman, Ilidža, Bosnia and Herzegovina
 • coordinates43°49′6.6″N 18°16′11.9″E / 43.818500°N 18.269972°E / 43.818500; 18.269972
 • elevation520 m (1,710 ft);[1] (494.5 m (1,622 ft) a.s.l. according to an earlier source[2])
Bosanski Šamac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
 • coordinates
45°4′0″N 18°28′1″E / 45.06667°N 18.46694°E / 45.06667; 18.46694
 • elevation
78 m (256 ft)
Length281.6 km (175.0 mi)[3]
Basin size10,810 km2 (4,170 sq mi)[3]
Discharge 
 • average174 m3/s (6,100 cu ft/s)
Basin features
ProgressionSava→ Danube→ Black Sea
The main spring on the source of the Bosna river, on the outskirts of Sarajevo.

The Bosna (

Bosnia. The river Bosna flows for 282 kilometers (175 mi).[3]

The river is possibly mentioned for the first time during the 1st century AD by Roman historian

Breuci from the Osseriates.[7]
Another name could also have been Basante.

According to philologist Anton Mayer, the name Bosna could be derived from Illyrian Bass-an-as(-ā), which would be a diversion of the Proto-Indo-European root bʰegʷ, meaning 'the running water'.[8]

Geography and sectioning

The Bosna River has created the Bosna River Valley. The valley has been developed as the country's industrial hub and is home to nearly a million people, who live primarily in several major cities.

Vrelo Bosne and Mala Bosna

Main articles: Vrelo Bosne and Mala Bosna (river)

The Bosna source is the Vrelo Bosne spring, located at 520 m (1,710 ft) a.s.l.[1] (according to an earlier source, 494.5 m (1,622 ft) a.s.l.[2]) at the foothills of mount Igman, on the outskirts of Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[1] The spring is one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's chief natural landmarks and tourist attractions.[9]

The course between the source and its largest tributary in this section, the Željeznica, which runs in from the right, is referred as the Mala Bosna (transl. Little Bosna), but the section is often extended all the way to its confluence with Miljacka, four kilometers downstream.[10] Its tributaries between the source and the Željeznica are first the Večerica and then Bukulaš, while in the region of extended Mala Bosna course it further receives, first the Željeznica from the right, then approx. 600 meters downstream the Zujevina, the only tributary from the left in this region, followed by the Dobrinja (a.k.a. Tilava) 1.5 km, and then 2 km further the Miljacka, both from the right.[10][11]

Upper Bosna

The Upper Bosna is a section between its source and the mouth of the Lašva, a left tributary, just upstream from Zenica. The section encompasses the entire region between Ilidža, near Sarajevo, and the Lašva, including the spacious valley between Ilijaš and Kakanj. The Visoko region, with its medieval heritage, is at the center of this area.

Middle Bosna

The Middle Bosna is mostly composed of gorges, with steep slopes and narrow passages, between Zenica and Doboj. In this section, there are several medieval sites, such as Vranduk, Maglaj and Doboj.

Lower Bosna

The Lower Bosna is the last section of the Bosna. From Doboj, the river continues northwards, approaching the

Bosanski Šamac
. There, it empties at around 80 metres (260 ft) above the sea level.

Course and tributaries

The Bosna flows through a number of cantons. From its starting point in the

Bosanski Šamac
.

Course of the Bosna River from its source to its confluence with Sava River (interactive map)

The main right tributaries are: Željeznica, Miljacka, Ljubina, Misoča, Stavnja, Trstionica, Zgošća, Gostović [bs], Krivaja and Spreča. On the left, the main tributaries are: Zujevina, Fojnica, Lašva and Usora.

  • Vrelo Bosne, source of the river just outside Sarajevo
    Vrelo Bosne, source of the river just outside Sarajevo
  • One of the ponds on Vrelo Bosne in Ilidža
    One of the ponds on Vrelo Bosne in Ilidža
  • Mala Bosna river in Ilidža
    Mala Bosna river in Ilidža
  • Roman bridge over Mala Bosna river in Ilidža
    Roman bridge over Mala Bosna river in Ilidža
  • The Lower Bosna near Bosanski Šamac
    The Lower Bosna near
    Bosanski Šamac

References

  1. ^ a b c PLAN UPRAVLJANJA SPOMENIKOM PRIRODE VRELO BOSNE 2020-2030 (PDF). p. 25. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  2. ^ a b Aganović M. (1965). "Komparativna istraživanja režima ishrane, rasta, plodnosti i strukture populacija lipljena u rijekama Bosni i Plivi". Godišnjak - The Annual of the Institute of Biology. 18. Institute of Biology - PMF University of Sarajevo: 5. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  3. ^ a b c "Sava River Basin Analysis Report" (PDF). International Sava River Basin Commission. September 2009. p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF, 9.98 MB) on 2010-07-17.
  4. ^ Šašel Kos, M.; P. Kos. "Places: 197162 (Bathinus (river))". Pleiades. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  5. ISBN 9789958031106
    .
  6. ^ Velleius Paterculus, Historia Romana 2.114.4.6 http://latin.packhum.org/loc/1044/1/131/1509-1516
  7. ^ Salmedin Mesihović (2010). Aevvm Dolabellae – Dolabelino Doba. Vol. XXXIX. Sarajevo: Centar za balkanološka ispitivanja, Akademija nauka i umjetnosti. p. 10.
  8. ^ Indira Šabić (2014). Onomastička analiza bosanskohercegovačkih srednjovjekovnih administrativnih tekstova i stećaka (PDF). Osijek: Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera. p. 165. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-01-14. Retrieved 2015-03-30.
  9. ^ PLAN UPRAVLJANJA SPOMENIKOM PRIRODE VRELO BOSNE 2020-2030 (PDF). pp. 9–53. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  10. ^ a b Aganović M. (1965). "Komparativna istraživanja režima ishrane, rasta, plod nosti i strukture populacija lipljena u rijekama Bosni i Plivi". Godišnjak - The Annual of the Institute of Biology. 18. Institute of Biology - PMF University of Sarajevo: 5, 6. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  11. ISBN 978-3-030-98522-6
    .

External links
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