Newark Bay

Coordinates: 40°40′47″N 74°07′53″W / 40.679597°N 74.131451°W / 40.679597; -74.131451
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the bay on the island of South Georgia, see Newark Bay (South Georgia).
Newark Bay
Port Newark is seen in the foreground looking northeast across the bay to Jersey City and the Manhattan borough of New York City.
Newark Bay is located in Hudson County, New Jersey
Newark Bay
Newark Bay
Newark Bay is located in New Jersey
Newark Bay
Newark Bay
Newark Bay is located in the United States
Newark Bay
Newark Bay
LocationNew Jersey
Coordinates40°40′47″N 74°07′53″W / 40.679597°N 74.131451°W / 40.679597; -74.131451
TypeBay

Newark Bay is a

container shipping facility in Port of New York and New Jersey, the second busiest in the United States. An estuary, it is periodically dredged
to accommodate seafaring ships.

Geography

Newark Bay is entered by passing under the Bayonne Bridge

Newark Bay is rectangular, approximately 5.5 miles (8.9 km) long, varying in width from 0.6 to 1.2 miles (0.97 to 1.93 km).

bird sanctuary where the borders of Staten Island, Bayonne and Elizabeth meet at one point.[2] The southern tip of Bergen Neck, known as Bergen Point, juts into the bay and lent its name to the former Bergen Point Lighthouse. Built offshore in 1849 it was demolished and replaced with a skeletal tower in the mid 20th century.[3]

The

Hudson Palisades begins on Bergen Neck, the peninsula between the bay and the Hudson River. Kill in Dutch means stream or channel. During the British colonial era the bay was known as Cull bay.[4]
Kill van Kull literally translates as channel from the ridge. Arthur Kill is an anglicization of achter kill meaning back channel, which would speak to its location behind Staten Island.

Many of the maritime and distribution facilities along the bay are part of

Foreign Trade Zone 49.[5]

Bridges

Staten Island
seen in the distance.

The bay is spanned by the

Communipaw Terminal
. Last used in 1978, it was determined to be a hazard to maritime navigation and demolished in the 1980s.

Shoreline

See also: Shooters Island

Elizabethport to the Ironbound

Elizabethport
, seen in the distance.
Bergen Point looking northwest to Elizabeth Marine Terminal

Elizabethport since 1999. There are plans to construct a mixed used community adjacent to it along the bay.[6]

The western edge of Newark Bay was originally shallow tidal

wetlands covering approximately 12 square miles (31 km2). In the 1910s, the city of Newark began excavating an angled shipping channel in the northeastern quadrant of the wetland which formed the basis of Port Newark.[7][8] Work on the channel and terminal facilities on its north side accelerated during World War I, when the federal government took control of Port Newark. During the war there were close to 25,000 troops stationed at the Newark Bay Shipyard.[9][10]

The city decided to expand the port at the end of the war.

Container Terminal, which was the prototype for virtually every other container terminal constructed thereafter.[13]

The

Ironbound is an industrial area along the bay which becomes residential farther inland near Downtown Newark
.

Kearny Point

The

shipyards of which operated from 1917 to 1949, and played a prominent role in both World War I and World War II.[15]

Bergen Point to Droyer's Point

The shoreline at Bayonne

While there was some maritime development on the eastern banks of the bay closer

promenade
.

Howland Hook

The

dry docks
operate along the shore.

Pollution and marine life

Further information:
Marine life of New York Harbor
See also: New Jersey Meadowlands
The watershed which drains into the bay

The bay is notoriously polluted, and it is now a Superfund site. "One blue crab in Newark Bay has enough dioxin to give somebody cancer," said David Pringle, spokesman for Clean Water Action.[21]

Both the

toxic chemicals.[23]

While illegal discharges of chemical waste have been stopped, crabbing is illegal and fishing is limited due to chemicals that remain in the sediment.[24][25]

Pronounced endocrine disruption and reproductive effects have been reported in Newark Bay

oviparous (egg-laying) animals.[27] Killifish within Newark Bay have also been reported to chemically adapt (desensitize) to aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediated pollutants (i.e. dioxins).[28]
Killifish within Newark Bay have emerged as a popular tool for studying population effects of historical and emerging chemicals of concern due to their chronic exposure to complex mixtures of common contaminants, and subsequent effects due to living within a polluted environment.

2008 Liberian freighter collision

In January 2008, a 117 ft.

U.S. Coast Guard until damages to the GLD&D dredge were mitigated. The dredge had begun to take on water and a diving crew was sent in order to make repairs.[29] In December 2009, the National Transportation Safety Board issued a report that blamed the Orange Sun for the accident. The Orange Sun's master had not informed the captain or crew about the ship's tendency to deviate from its course.[30]

See also

References

  1. ^ "US Army Corps of Engineers: Newark Bay" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-05-28. Retrieved 2010-04-18.
  2. ISBN 978-0-88097-763-0
    .
  3. ^ Bergen Point Lighthouse Archived 2010-04-09 at the Wayback Machine, 1849-1949, New Jersey Lighthouse Society.
  4. ^ Grabas, Joseph A. "Land Speculation and Proprietary Beginnings of New Jersey" (PDF). The Advocate. XVI (4): 3, 20, 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 20, 2008. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
  5. ^ "PANYNJ FTZ 49". Archived from the original on 2019-10-19. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
  6. ^ $2B MXD Planned for Elizabeth Waterfront Archived 2012-06-12 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ "TO MAKE NEWARK BAY A BIG PORT; The Jersey Meadow's Being Transformed Into a Busy Spot, with Docks and Reclaimed Land" (PDF). The New York Times. 27 June 1915. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  8. ISBN 978-0-7385-0966-2. Archived from the original
    on July 18, 2011. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
  9. ^ "Newark Bay Shipyard". Archived from the original on 2009-09-05. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
  10. ^ "Newark Bay Shipyard". Archived from the original on 2010-02-23. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
  11. ^ "THE CITY OF NEWARK TO EXPEND $1,250,000 IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEWARK BAY AS A SEAPORT; Unwilling in Wait Langer for Government Aid the City Authorities Authorize the Issuance of bonds to Provide Funds for Deepening of Channel to Accommodate the Largest Vessels--Plan Endorsed by Business Men" (PDF). The New York Times. 31 July 1921.
  12. ^ "of New York and New Jersey". Archived from the original on 2011-06-11. Retrieved 2010-04-15.
  13. ^ "History - Port of New York and New Jersey - Port Authority of New York & New Jersey". Archived from the original on 2019-10-19. Retrieved 2010-04-17.
  14. ^ "River Terminal". Archived from the original on 2010-05-18. Retrieved 2010-04-15.
  15. ^ "Kearny Yard". Archived from the original on 2006-10-31. Retrieved 2010-04-15.
  16. ^ Hackenack Riverwalk Plan proposal 2003 Archived 2009-09-10 at the Library of Congress Web Archives
  17. ^ Hudson County Master Plan[permanent dead link]
  18. ^ "Ongoing Projects :: Port Ivory". Longleaf Lumber. Archived from the original on 2010-10-15. Retrieved 2010-04-15.
  19. ^ "Mariners Harbor Shipyard". Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
  20. ^ "Bethlehem Shipbuilding: List of Ships built at Staten Island". Archived from the original on 2010-02-21. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
  21. ^ "Outrage Over Company Backing Out of Superfund Cleanup Through Bankruptcy". NJTV News. 2017-04-18. Archived from the original on 2018-01-14. Retrieved 2018-01-14.
  22. ^ "Watershed Database and Mapping Projects/Newark Bay (New Jersey)." Archived 2010-05-28 at the Wayback Machine National Ocean Service, Office of Response and Restoration. Silver Spring, MD. March 2007.
  23. ^ "Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan: Management of Toxic Contamination" (PDF). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). March 1996. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2008-11-20. Retrieved 2009-04-03.
  24. ^ "Fish Advisories". Trenton, NJ: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP). 29 May 2009. Archived from the original on 27 May 2009. Retrieved 3 April 2009.
  25. ^ "Blue Claw Crab Alert". NJDEP. 2009-12-02. Archived from the original on 2009-05-30. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
  26. PMID 20079544
    .
  27. PMID 21684236
    .
  28. doi:10.1002/etc.5620140405
    .
  29. ^ "Accident Closes Major Shipping Channel for Hours". The New York Times. 2008-01-25. Archived from the original on 2018-01-06. Retrieved 2017-02-17.
  30. ^ "Federal report blames ship carrying orange juice for Newark Bay collision last year". NJ On-Line. 2009-12-09. Archived from the original on 2015-06-22. Retrieved 2015-01-16.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Newark_Bay&oldid=1217304372"