Nickel(II) perchlorate
![]() Some green nickel(II) perchlorate hexahydrate powder.
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Names | |
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IUPAC name
Nickel(II) perchlorate
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Other names
Nickel diperchlorate
Nickel perchlorate Nickel(II) chlorate(VII) Nickel diperchlorate(VII) Nickel perchlorate(VII) | |
Identifiers | |
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3D model (
JSmol ) |
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ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard
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100.033.735 |
EC Number |
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PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
Ni(ClO4)2 | |
Molar mass | 257.8636 g/mol (hydrate) 329,92472 g/mol (tetrahydrate) 347.94 g/mol (pentahydrate) 365,95528 g/mol (hexahydrate) 420,00112 g/mol (nonahydrate) |
Appearance | cyan crystals (hydrate) long green needle-shaped crystals (pentahydrate) green crystals (hexahydrate) |
Density | 2.98 g/cm³ (hydrate)[1] 1,508 g/cm³ (hexahydrate) |
Melting point | 140 °C (284 °F; 413 K) (hexahydrate) 149 °C (300 °F; 422 K) (partially decomposed pentahydrate) 103 °C (217 °F; 376 K)) |
259 g/100 mL (hexahydrate)[2] | |
Solubility | soluble in aceton
insoluble in chloroform forming compounds with ammonia, hydrazine, urea, semicarbazide, carbohydrate, thiourea |
Hazards | |
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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oxidization |
GHS labelling: | |
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Danger | |
H271, H314, H317, H334, H341, H350, H360, H372, H410 | |
P201, P260, P273, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340+P310, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P391[3] | |
Flash point | flammable |
Related compounds | |
Other anions
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Nickel nitrate
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Other cations
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Iron(II) perchlorate Copper(II) perchlorate |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Nickel(II) perchlorate is a inorganic compound with the chemical formula of Ni(ClO4)2, and it is a strong oxidizing agent. Its colors are different depending on water. For example, the hydrate forms cyan crystals, the pentahydrate forms green crystals, but the hexahydrate (Ni(ClO4)2·6H2O) forms blue crystals.[4]
Preparation
The hexahydrate of nickel(II) perchlorate can be obtained by reacting perchloric acid with nickel(II) hydroxide, nickel(II) chloride or nickel(II) carbonate.[4] The resulting salt is a pentahydrate, Ni(ClO4)2·5H2O. At −21.3 °C (251.9 K; -6.3 °F), the nonahydrate Ni(ClO4)2·9H2O will be formed.
- Ni(OH)2 + 2HClO4 + 4H2O → Ni(ClO4)2·6H2O
Nickel(II) perchlorate can also be obtained by adding nickel to 6 mol/L perchloric acid for electrolysis with an alternating current of 50 Hz.[5]
The yellow anhydrous product is obtained by adding nickel(II) trifluoroacetate and perchloric acid in a trifluoroacetic acid solvent.[2][6][7]
Properties
Nickel(II) perchlorate hexahydrate is a green odourless crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and soluble in many organic solvents.[8] It begins to decompose from a temperature of 103 °C. It has the hexagonal crystal structure with space group P6/mmm (No. 191).[9] In addition to the hexahydrate, there is also a nonahydrate,[10] a tetrahydrate,[10] a hydrate[1] and a pentahydrate.
Applications
Nickel(II) perchlorate hexahydrate is used in the manufacture of other chemical compounds.[3] For example, it is used as a starting material for homometallic trinuclear scorpionate complexes in studies of electronic and magnetic properties.[8] It also serves as a detonator in explosives.[11]
Other compounds
- Ni(ClO4)2 also forms some compounds with NH3, such as Ni(ClO4)2·6NH3 which is a light purple crystal.[12]
- Ni(ClO4)2 also forms some compounds with N2H4, including Ni(ClO4)2·2N2H4 as a light positive solid or Ni(ClO4)2·5N2H4 which are purple crystals.[13]
- Ni(ClO4)2 forms compounds with CO(NH2)2, like Ni(ClO4)2·6CO(NH2)2 which is a yellow-green solid.[14]
- Ni(ClO4)2 forms compounds with CON3H5, for example Ni(ClO4)2·3CON3H5 which is a blue solid.[15]
- Ni(ClO4)2 forms compounds with CON4H6, such as Ni(ClO4)2·3CON4H6 which is an explosive blue crystal with a bulk density of 0.95 g/cm³.[16]
- Ni(ClO4)2 can also form compounds with CS(NH2)2, such as Ni(ClO4)2·6CS(NH2)2 which is a pale green solid.[17]
- Ni(ClO4)2 also forms some compounds with CSN3H5, such as Ni(ClO4)2·2CSN3H5·3H2O which is a blue paramagnetic crystal[18] or Ni(ClO4)2·3CSN3H5·2H2O which is a dark positive crystal.[19]
- Ni(ClO4)2 also forms some compounds with pyridine.[20]
See also
References
- ^ a b Handbook… (Pierre Villars, Karin Cenzual, Roman Gladyshevskii; Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 24 thg 7, 2017 - 1970 pages), page 442. Retrieved February 8, 2021.
- ^ a b 谢高阳 等. 无机化学丛书 锰分族 铁系 铂系. 科学出版社, 2011. pp 290. 镍(II)的卤酸盐和高卤酸盐
- ^ a b Sigma-Aldrich Co., product no. {{{id}}}.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-470-84289-8
- ^ 郭花枝,魏建红,张美月. 交流电解制备高氯酸镍[J]. 化学世界, 1991 (12): 531–533.
- ISBN 978-1-4831-4643-0
- .
- ^ a b Nickel(II) perchlorate hexahydrate, Reagent Grade at AlfaAesar, accessed on {{{Datum}}} (PDF) (JavaScript required).[dead link]
- ^ "Ni(ClO4)2·6H2O (Ni[ClO4]2[H2O]6 ht) Crystal Structure". Springer Materials. 2016-07-07.
- ^ ISBN 978-1110346271.
- ISBN 978-0-08-049478-4
- ^ A Text-book Of Inorganic Chemistry Vol-x, trang 192 – [1]. Retrieved April 1, 2020.
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- ^ Soviet Journal of Coordination Chemistry. 2 (2): 944. 1977 https://books.google.com/books?id=6bgdAQAAMAAJ.
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- ^ Complexes of some nickel(II) salts with thiourea – Juan Costamagna. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
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- ^ Chemické Zvesti, Tập 30,Trang 1-408 (1976), page 94. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
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