Nola
Nola | |
---|---|
UTC+2 (CEST) | |
Patron saint | St. Felix Martyr |
Saint day | November 15 |
Website | comune.nola.na.it |
Nola is a town and a municipality in the
.History
Prehistory
Excavations at
Antiquity
Nola was one of the oldest cities of Campania, with its most ancient coins bearing the name Nuvlana. It was later said to have been founded by the Ausones, who were certainly occupying the city by c. 560 BC. It once vied in luxury with Capua.[citation needed]
During the
Under Roman rule during
In 90 BC it fell by treason to the Samnites during the
It was stormed in 73-72 BC by Spartacus during his failed slave revolt.
The 1st c. BC saw a number of public buildings constructed including the
Augustus and
Though a relative backwater, Nola retained its status as a
Following the
Middle Ages
Nola was sacked by
Modern age
The
In 1820,
Nola is a suburb of
Sights
- St Thomas's (Basilica di San Tommaso; built in the 3rd century, decorated with frescoes 9–11th century, later renovated)
Other Roman ruins, including a temple to Augustus, survived as long as the 16th century, they were then plundered for building material and few signs remain. A few tombs are preserved, and results from excavations are displayed at the Archaeological Museum. Other sites include:
- Nola Cathedral: a Gothic church (rebuilt in 1593, and again starting 1866)
- Old Cathedral (Basilica of SS Apostoli; according to tradition, first built AD 95, rebuilt 1190, reduced 1593, renovated in the Baroque style 1740s)
- Orsini Palace (Palazzo Orsini; first built in 1470, later modified and renovated)
- San Biago's, a late-Renaissance church decorated with polychrome marble and 17th-century Neapolitan paintings
- Seminario Vescovile Nola, the local seminary, which preserves the Cippus Abellanus Oscan inscriptions
- Cicala Castle
- Giordano Bruno monument
- History and Archaeology Museum of Nola
Roman amphitheatre
The passion for gladiatorial combat was at its strongest in Campania among the locals and also the army veterans. So a permanent building for these was erected, as elsewhere, in the 1st c. BC, holding 20,000 spectators. The site was just inside the northern walls where existing buildings were demolished and one side of the arena took advantage of the wall embankment. The podium was faced with sheets of white marble elaborately carved with scenes and finished at the top with a balustrade with the same stone.
It was partially rebuilt and renovated over the centuries, maybe after earthquakes. By the end of the 5th century it was abandoned and used as a quarry. The eruption of
Notable people
- Gaius Octavius (about 100 – 59 BC), politician and father of the Roman emperor Augustus
- Augustus (63 BC – AD 14), founder of the Roman Empire, died at Nola.[11]
- St Felix of Nola (died. ca. AD 260) a Christian presbyter
- St Paulinus of Nola (ca. 354 – 431 AD), senator, bishop, and theologian.[12]
- Guy de Montfort, Count of Nola (1244–1291), son of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester and Eleanor of England.
- Giovanni Merliano(1478–1559), sculptor and architect, whose work is well represented in the cathedral
- Petrarchianschool.
- Nicola Antonio Stigliola (1546–1623), philosopher, printer, architect and medical doctor.
- Giordano Bruno (1548–1600), philosopher, mathematician and poet who referred to himself as the Nolano and his work as Nolana filosofia.[13]
- Nicola Napolitano (1838–1863), brigand
- Pasquale Russo (born 1947), Camorra boss and founder of the Russo clan
- Salvatore Russo (born 1958), camorrista and boss of the Russo clan
Culture
Two fairs are held in Nola: one on 14 June and another on 12 November. The Festival of the Lilies (Festa dei Gigli) is held on 22 June or the Sunday beforehand, honouring
- Greengrocers (Ortolano)
- Butchers of pigs (Salumiere)
- Innkeepers (Bettoliere)
- Bakers (Panettiere)
- Boatmakers (Barca)
- Butchers of other meats (Beccaio)
- Shoemakers (Calzolaio)
- Smiths (Fabbro)
- Dressmakers (Sarto)
Each of the organizations is responsible for one day of the festivities. The 2010 festival—along with its fellows—was nominated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is possible that the design of the gigli may have influenced the design of the Watts Towers.[14]
Twin towns – sister cities
Nola is
- Sassari, Italy (2006)
See also
References
Citations
- ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ "The British Museum". britishmuseum.com.
- ^ Livy 9.28
- ^ Philip Matyszak, Cataclysm 90 BC, p. 107; Lynda Telford, Sulla, p. 93.
- ^ Villa where Augustus probably died is unearthed https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJAcZ8CWVMAGB
- ^ Mommsen, Corp. Inscr. Lat., Vol. X, p. 142.
- ^ Mommsen asserts that roads apparently ran directly to Nola from Neapolis and Pompeii, but Heinrich Kiepert's attached map does not indicate their route.[7]
- ^ a b Charles Scribner's Sons, 1878, pp. 536–7. , 'Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th ed., Vol. III, New York:
- PMID 15384216.
- ^ Pelham, Henry Francis (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). pp. 911–914.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 962. .
- ^ Adamson, Robert; Mitchell, John Malcolm (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). pp. 686–687.
- ^ Ceparano, Felice (June 15, 2014). "The Gigli of Nola during Rodia's Times". In Del Giudice, Luisa (ed.). Sabato Rodia's Towers in Watts: Art, Migrations, Development. Fordham University Press.
Bibliography
- Ashby, Thomas (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). pp. 733–734.
- Benigni, Umberto (1911). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. .
External links
- Official website of the commune
- A relation from the Italian Parliament on the Camorra in Campania (October 2000) (in Italian)
- "The Death Triangle" (2004) (in Italian)
- Websites devoted to the Festival of the Lilies: Website of the Festival of the Lilies Gigli di Nola, iGigli, Giugno Nolano
- One of the "fishing boats" of the Festival of the Lilies