Nutcracker (bird)
Nutcrackers | |
---|---|
Nucifraga columbiana | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Corvidae |
Genus: | Nucifraga Brisson, 1760 |
Type species | |
Corvus caryocatactes Linnaeus, 1758
| |
Species | |
Nucifraga caryocatactes |
The nutcrackers (Nucifraga) are a genus of three species of passerine bird, in the family Corvidae, related to the jays and crows.
The genus Nucifraga was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 with the spotted nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes) as the type species.[1][2] The genus name is a Neo-Latin translation of German Nussbrecher, "nut-breaker".[3]
Extant species
The genus contains three species:[4]
Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
---|---|---|---|
Nucifraga caryocatactes | spotted nutcracker | Europe and Asia | |
Nucifraga multipunctata | Kashmir nutcracker | the Himalayas | |
Nucifraga columbiana | Clark's nutcracker | western North America |
The most important food resources for these species are the seeds (
Surplus seed is always stored for later use, and it is this genus that is responsible for the re-establishment of their favoured pines over large areas either burnt in
Various insects are also taken, including bee and wasp larvae, and also birds' eggs and nestlings, and carrion if it is found.
Nesting is always early in this genus, so as to make the best use of pine nuts stored the previous autumn. The nest is usually built high in a conifer. There are normally 2–4 eggs laid and incubated for 18 days. Both sexes feed the young which are usually fledged by about 23 days and stay with their parents for many months, following them to learn food storage techniques.
None of the species are migratory, but they will leave their usual ranges if a cone crop failure causes a food shortage.
References
- ^ Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés (in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. Vol. 1, p. 30, Vol. 2, p. 58.
- ^ Mayr, Ernst; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1962). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 15. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 256.
- ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Crows, mudnesters, birds-of-paradise". World Bird List Version 9.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
- ^ "Yellowstone" BBC2, episode 3"
- ISBN 022638263X.
External links
- Nutcracker videos on the Internet Bird Collection