Parnitha
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Parnitha | |
---|---|
Πάρνηθα | |
Highest point | |
Elevation | 1,413 m (4,636 ft) |
Prominence | 10 to 15 km, north to south approx. 10 km from east to west |
Listing | National park |
Coordinates | 38°10′24″N 23°43′03″E / 38.1734°N 23.7174°E |
Geography | |
Location | north of Athens, Greece |
Parent range | Parnitha |
Climbing | |
Easiest route | climb |
Mount Parnitha (
Geography
Towns surrounding the mountain include
Climate
Parnitha mountain has a
Climate data for Parnitha (1230m asl) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.7 (38.7) |
5.4 (41.7) |
7.1 (44.8) |
11.8 (53.2) |
16.9 (62.4) |
20.5 (68.9) |
22.9 (73.2) |
22.7 (72.9) |
19.5 (67.1) |
14.2 (57.6) |
10.0 (50.0) |
6.0 (42.8) |
13.4 (56.1) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.6 (34.9) |
3.2 (37.8) |
4.5 (40.1) |
8.8 (47.8) |
13.8 (56.8) |
17.5 (63.5) |
19.8 (67.6) |
19.7 (67.5) |
16.5 (61.7) |
11.7 (53.1) |
7.9 (46.2) |
3.9 (39.0) |
10.7 (51.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.4 (31.3) |
0.9 (33.6) |
1.9 (35.4) |
5.8 (42.4) |
10.6 (51.1) |
14.4 (57.9) |
16.7 (62.1) |
16.7 (62.1) |
13.6 (56.5) |
9.1 (48.4) |
5.7 (42.3) |
1.7 (35.1) |
8.1 (46.5) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 74.9 (2.95) |
70.4 (2.77) |
72.8 (2.87) |
46.5 (1.83) |
45.7 (1.80) |
41.5 (1.63) |
11.8 (0.46) |
8.2 (0.32) |
46.5 (1.83) |
73.0 (2.87) |
96.4 (3.80) |
132.4 (5.21) |
720.1 (28.34) |
Source: National Observatory of Athens Monthly Bulletins (Dec 2009-Apr 2023)[2] [3] |
Ecology
Forests of
Historical monuments and places of interest
Parnitha has several places of archaeological interest. In antiquity, several fortresses had been built on the mountain, for the defense of the peninsula of
A notable monument of later periods is the Monastery of Kleiston. It is a Byzantine monastery dated from 13th century. It is mentioned by Pope Innocent IV in 1209 with the name Monastery of Kyras.[6] Southeast of Parnitha, in a dense forest, is Tatoi Palace. It was the palace of the Greek royal family and it was built in 19th century. Today it is abandoned.
Parnitha has also natural monuments. The cave of Panas is on the west slopes of the mountain at a height of 750 meters.[7] It was a worship site in antiquity. Near the cave there is the steep gorge of Gouras and the gorge of Keladonas river. A beautiful site of the mountain is Beletsi Lake, on the east slopes of the mountain, near Afidnes, and it is important place for migratory birds.[8] In general, the national park is known as the "lungs of Athens".[9]
Modern facilities
A casino, the
and others. The supporting road connection was paved in the mid-20th century.2007 wildfire
Parnitha suffered extensive damage from a
The fire consumed dozens of acres of forest across two prefectures. Firefighters, helicopters, and planes were brought into action across the mountain area and its edges fighting the enormous blaze, which took days to contain. It spread rapidly with the help of intense winds, and intensified into the northwestern edges of
On June 30, the fire was mostly contained and warnings of new fires were reduced, as only a few fires were slowly burning sporadically in separate parts of the mountain. The main blaze was completely put out on July 1. At the edges of the burnt parts, several fires slowly continued to burn in sections after June 30, with a slow expansion.
Scientists estimate [citation needed] that the area's recovery time may be as long as a century. They predict the effect of the loss will only begin to be felt in the coming years; the air may become a little stale and the already known problems of air pollution and smog in Athens may reappear and intensify. Temperatures could also rise and flooding may become a problem for several years. The Ministry of Environment is currently considering a conclusive reforestation program, while many citizens marched on the streets of Athens to express their disapproval of the handling of the situation. More recently, reforestation has been underway, and the government will be receiving tens of thousands of trees to be planted around the mountains, most of them from outside the country, albeit at a small scale thus far.
Investigations are still underway as to the fire's cause. One scenario suggests a transformer belonging to a major power line exploded due to overuse and overheating by the 47C heatwave, some days before the fire. Another holds that this was one of the many arson attacks that have claimed forested land in Greece over recent decades to illegally clear formerly-protected land for expanded real estate.
See also
- List of mountains in Greece
- National parks in Greece
References
- ^ Parnitha National park, official site.
- ^ "Monthly Bulletins". www.meteo.gr.
- ^ "Latest Conditions in Parnitha Mountain, Athens".
- ^ "Βλάστηση". parnitha-np.gr. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
- ^ "Αρχαία Μνημεία". parnitha-np.gr. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
- ^ "Μονή Κλειστών Χασία". eie.gr. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
- ^ "Το σπήλαιο του Πανός (Νυμφαίο)". archive.in.gr. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
- ^ "Beletsi, the beautiful accidental lake of Mt. Parnitha". protothema.gr. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
- ^ Eleni Giokos (August 27, 2023). "A losing battle to save the lungs of Athens as wildfires grip Greece". CNN.
- ^ "Greek forest fire close to Athens". BBC. June 29, 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-29.
Further reading
- Ernst Meyer : Parnes. In: Der Kleine (Parnitha), Pauly 1972.