Paul Ogorzow
This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2019) |
Paul Ogorzow | |
---|---|
Sexual sadism Misogyny | |
Conviction(s) | Murder (8 counts) Attempted murder (6 counts) Assault (31 counts) |
Criminal penalty | Death |
Details | |
Victims | 8+ |
Span of crimes | August 1939 – July 1941 |
Country | Nazi Germany |
Location(s) | Berlin |
Date apprehended | 12 July 1941 |
Paul Ogorzow (29 September 1912 – 26 July 1941), also known as the S-Bahn Murderer,
Background
Early life
Paul Ogorzow was born on 29 September 1912 in the village of Muntowen, East Prussia, Imperial Germany (present-day Muntowo, Poland), the illegitimate child of Marie Saga, a farm worker. Saga's father later filled out his new grandson's birth certificate, marking it with three crosses and the child's birth name: Paul Saga.[3][4]
In 1924, the now 12-year-old Paul was
Adult life
At the age of 18, Ogorzow joined the
In 1934, Ogorzow was hired as a
Ogorzow married Gertrude Ziegelmann, a
Ogorzow travelled to his job daily, either by train, on foot or by bicycle. He was generally well-regarded by his co-workers, and was considered reliable and highly competent by his supervisors, often operating both the light signals and the
Crimes
Early crimes
After his capture, Ogorzow extensively detailed his various criminal activities to police, allowing for a more precise reconstruction of his crimes.[3] In late August 1939, while he and his family were residing in Karlshorst, Ogorzow embarked on a series of violent attacks, randomly assaulting and raping dozens of women in and around the Friedrichsfelde district.[3][5] At that time, the neighbourhood was populated mostly by solitary housewives whose husbands had been called up to serve in the recently-commenced Second World War. It was these vulnerable women who initially served as Ogorzow's primary source of victims, and police documented 31 separate attacks that occurred in the allotments and tenement area, all of which were later connected to Ogorzow. During his attacks, he either choked his victims, threatened them with a knife or bludgeoned them, and in their statements, all the victims mentioned their attacker wore a railway worker's uniform.[3][4]
Escalation
Ogorzow's initial
Murders
Ogorzow renewed his attacks in October 1940, focusing primarily on the 9-
Ogorzow committed his first murder on 4 October 1940, going on the pretext of a tryst to the home of 20-year-old Gertrude "Gerda" Ditter, whose husband, Arthur, was away in the military. Ditter was stabbed to death. Two months later, on the evening of 4 December, he killed two more women: S-Bahn passenger Elfriede Franke had her skull crushed with an iron bar before her corpse was thrown from the moving train, and 19-year-old Irmgard Freese was raped and bludgeoned to death while walking home.[1] On 22 December, railroad workers discovered the body of a fourth victim, Elisabeth Bungener, discarded alongside the tracks. A medical examination determined she had died as the result of a fractured skull.[4]
Six days later, on 28 December 1940, the Berlin Police recovered Gertrude Siewert the morning after she had been assaulted and thrown from the train by Ogorzow. Suffering from exposure and various life-threatening traumas, she was rushed to hospital and died from her injuries the following day. This scene repeated itself on 5 January 1941, when the unconscious body of Hedwig Ebauer, who was five months pregnant, was located near the S-Bahn. Ogorzow had unsuccessfully attempted to strangle Ebauer before throwing her from the train alive. Like Siewert, Ebauer succumbed to her injuries later that day in hospital, never regaining consciousness.[2]
On 11 February, the remains of Ogorzow's seventh victim, Johanna Voigt, a pregnant mother of three, were found. An autopsy later confirmed what most suspected, that Voigt had died as the result of repeated blows to the head and injuries sustained after being thrown from the train. Given the obvious similarities in the various crimes, all seven deaths were deemed to be the work of the same individual.[3][4]
Investigation
Two of Ogorzow's previous victims, who had survived their attacks, confirmed to police that their assailant was a railway employee in a black uniform.
The homicide unit of the Berlin Police, under
Despite this effort, the
Arrest and conviction
Ogorzow, who often made
Lüdtke personally inspected Ogorzow's uniforms, all of which had numerous blood stains. Ogorzow was arrested by the Kriminalpolizei on 12 July 1941. In an intimidating interrogation in a small room under the light of a single light bulb, Ogorzow was confronted with one of his severely injured victims and a tray of skulls from several of his killings.
Ogorzow was formally expelled from the Nazi Party just days prior to his indictment and subsequently pled guilty to eight murders, six attempted murders and thirty-one cases of sexual assault.[1] He was promptly sentenced to death on 24 July by the Berlin Kammergericht (regional superior court), in the presence of eight witnesses.[4] Ogorzow was declared an enemy of the people by the Nazi authorities and executed by guillotine at Plötzensee Prison on 26 July 1941, two days after his sentencing.[3]
After the war, one of the Kriminalpolizei officers who was heavily involved in the Ogorzow investigation, Georg Heuser , was charged by a West German court for his role in perpetrating Einsatzgruppen atrocities in the Soviet Union. He was found guilty of being an accessory to over 11,000 murders and sentenced to fifteen years in prison. Heuser only served six years of his sentence before being released, and died in 1989.[7]
Impact of World War II and Nazi society
War-time conditions
Historian Roger Moorhouse has suggested that the Kriminalpolizei were hampered in their investigation of the murders by several concurrent obstacles. Firstly, the Nazi regime had instituted a rigorous program of media censorship in order to avoid demoralising civilians during wartime. This censorship meant that there were only cursory details released about each case, which impeded the progress of the investigation. Secondly, due to ongoing Allied bombing raids on the capital, blackout conditions were necessary to shield strategically important targets from airborne destruction. As a side effect, however, these conditions were conducive to criminal activity.[1] Ogorzow himself exploited the blackouts, using them to stalk and kill his victims and then to escape from possible surveillance under the cover of darkness.[8]
S-Bahn operations
The S-Bahn appears to have had a poor
Nazi doctrine
The official
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Selby, Scott Andrew (2014). A Serial Killer in Nazi Berlin: The Chilling True Story of the S-Bahn Murderer. Berkley Publishing Group.
- ^ a b Robinson, Matt (10 April 2021). "The S-Bahn Murderer: A Serial Killer In Nazi Berlin". Berlin Experiences. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Mike Straschewski; Michael Dittrich. "Geschichte und Geschichten rund um die Berliner S-Bahn". Stadtschnellbahn-berlin.de. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Der Fall - Paul Ogorzow, erichs-kriminalarchiv.npage.de; accessed 7 November 2016. (in German)
- ^ S-Bahn lines with locations of murders and attempted murders, signal box ("Stellwerk Vnk") and Ogorzow residence ("Wohnung")
- ^ "Wilhelm Ludtke: De-nazification file." CIA. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ @roger_moorhouse (31 January 2018). "Register" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ Zodiac Producers Target S-Bahn Murderer Tale
Sources
- Roger Moorhouse: "Nazi Serial Killer" BBC History: 10: 5: May 2009: 38–40.
- Berlin at War: Life and Death in Hitler's Capital, 1939-1945, ISBN 9780099551898
- Historian at Large : Blog
- A Serial Killer in Nazi Berlin: The Chilling True Story of the S-Bahn Murderer, Scott Andrew Selby, Berkley Publishing Group (2014); ISBN 978-0-425-26414-0