People's Radical Party

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the political party active in the Kingdom of Serbia. For the party active in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, see Serb People's Radical Party.
Not to be confused with People's Radical Party (1990).

People's Radical Party
Народна радикална странка
Narodna radikalna stranka
Politics of Yugoslavia
  • Political parties
  • Elections

    • The People's Radical Party (

    radicalism towards conservatism
    in the early 20th century.

    History

    The founding of the party was related to the circle of Serbian youth followers of

    Zurich. The leaders of this group proposed a political program
    in which they called for:

    • change of constitution
    • freedom of the press and
      open politics
    • judicial independence
    • reform of the education system
    • enhanced local self-government

    The first main assembly of the People's Radical Party was in July 1882 in

    Pera Velimirović, Sima Lozanić, Lazar Paču, Jovan Djaja, Andra Nikolić
    ,
    Mihailo Vujić, Đorđe Simić, Jovan Žujović
    .

    In September 1883, the

    Milan Obrenović declared that peasants' arms should be confiscated by the army. He charged the Radicals that with their article Disarmament of the people's army in Samouprava, they had encouraged the peasants to refuse to give up their weapons. The rebellion was set down in ten days. Most of the party head committee was captured in the aftermath, apart from Pašić himself and a few others, who escaped to the Principality of Bulgaria
    . The régime sentenced many of these Radicals to death, including those who were in absentia. However, after some time, amnesty was given to certain Radicals who agreed to enter Obrenović's government in 1887.

    The Radicals were instrumental in the adoption of the 1888 Serbian Constitution, which established parliamentary democracy, almost all of the political programs. The parliamentary rule was introduced, rights were guaranteed as well as the freedom of citizens and local self-government. Radicals disposed of, after 1889, with almost 80 percent of the popular vote. The Radicals were ardent supporters of the unification of all Serb-inhabited lands in the Balkans and adopted the slogan "Balkans to the Balkan nations". In foreign policy, strongly anti-Austrian, it was mostly Russophile and Francophile, supporting the Franco-Russian Alliance and the Triple Entente.

    After the compromise with the Crown in 1901, the younger group within the People's Radical Party formed a dissident faction in 1901 that in 1905, after failed reconciliation efforts with Pašić emerged as a new political party, the "Independent Radical Party", led by Ljubomir Stojanović and Ljubomir Davidović that was in power only in 1905 and 1906. After the Great War, Independent Radicals were transformed into the Republican and Democratic Party.

    After the return of the

    Peter I Karađorđević, a single-chamber National Assembly was introduced, and the new 1903 Constitution was slightly revised version of the 1888 Constitution, annulled by Aleksandar I Obrenović
    in 1894. Serbia became a parliamentary and constitutional monarchy. After the revolutionary government in 1903, the Radicals of Pašić formed several governments that began the important reforms of the nation.

    The Radical governments led the Kingdom of Serbia through its Golden Age (1903-1914), as well as through the

    Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes
    . The Croatian Parliament voted to incorporate itself into the National Assembly of the State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs, and it was represented by it. The representatives of the National Assembly agreed to merge with the Kingdom of Serbia.

    The Kingdom's prime ministers from 1918 to 1928 were all Serbian with the People's Radical Party holding the prime ministry for eight of the years. In the National Assembly, outdated electoral rules and Yugoslav police actions against opponents of the royal family

    1923 elections
    , the party received a quarter of the kingdom's vote, but census results from 1910 assigned Serbia a greater representation, and the Radical Party took just over a third of the Assembly's seats.

    After Pašić's death in 1926, Aca Stanojević became the party's president. In 1929, King Alexander declared a personal rule banning the People's Radical Party and others. Certain members of the party entered into Alexander's governments, and Stanojević called for the end of the royal dictatorship and the return to parliamentary democracy and local self-government.

    Radical Prime Ministers

    Electoral performance

    Kingdom of Serbia

    Year Leader Popular vote % of popular vote # of seats Seat change Status
    1883 Nikola Pašić Unknown
    72 / 170
    		 Increase 72 government
    1884
    14 / 174
    		 Decrease 58 opposition
    1886
    78 / 160
    		 Increase 64 government
    1887
    78 / 208
    		 Steady 0 government
    Mar 1888
    156 / 208
    		 Increase 78 government
    Nov 1888
    500 / 628
    		 Increase 422 government
    1889 158,635 87.88%
    102 / 117
    		 Decrease 320 government
    1890 Unknown
    102 / 116
    		 Steady 0 government
    Mar 1893
    57 / 128
    		 Decrease 45 government
    May 1893
    126 / 136
    		 Increase 69 government
    1895
    2 / 240
    		 Decrease 124 opposition
    1897
    254 / 254
    		 Increase 252 government
    1898
    1 / 194
    		 Decrease 251 opposition
    Sep 1903 95,883 36.00%
    75 / 160
    		 Increase 74 government
    1905 88,834 30.20%
    55 / 160
    		 Decrease 20 opposition
    1906 157,857 42.70%
    91 / 160
    		 Increase 36 government
    1908 175,667 43.60%
    84 / 160
    		 Decrease 7 government
    1912 182,479 39.80%
    84 / 160
    		 Steady 0 government

    Kingdom of Yugoslavia

    Year Leader Popular vote % of popular vote # of seats Seat change Coalition Status
    1920 Nikola Pašić 284,575 17.7%
    91 / 419
    		 Increase 91 – government
    1923 562,213 25.9%
    108 / 312
    		 Increase 17 – government
    1925 702,573 28.8%
    123 / 315
    		 Increase 15 – government
    1927 Aca Stanojević 742,111 31.9%
    112 / 315
    		 Decrease 9 – government
    1931 Banned
    0 / 305
    		 Decrease 112 – opposition
    1935 Did not participate
    0 / 370
    		 Steady 0 – opposition
    1938 1,643,783[a] 54.1%[a]
    306 / 371
    [a]     		Increase 306[a] JRZ government
    1945 Election boycott[b]
    0 / 354
    		 Decrease 306 – opposition

    References

    1. ^ a b c d Coalition total
    2. ^ Shortly after the election, the People's Radical Party and other political parties were banned by the new communist government.
    1. ^
      doi:10.1177/1611894418820247
      .
    2. ^
      ISBN 978-86-86391-32-2
      .
    3. ^
      ISBN 9789637326615
      .
    4. ^
      ISBN 978-86-7179-094-9
      .
    5. doi:10.1163/9789004316232_005
      .
    6. TIME Magazine
      , February 23, 1925

    Bibliography
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