Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart

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A portrait of Macquart

Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart

Diptera. He worked on world species as well as European and described many new species
.

Biography

Early years

Macquart was born in Hazebrouck, France, in 1778 and died in Lille in 1855. He was interested in natural history from an early age due to his older brother who was an

ornithologist and a Fellow of the Société de Sciences de l’Agriculture et des Arts de la Ville de Lille and whose bird collection became the foundation of the societies museum, the Musée d'Histoire Naturelle de Lille
. A second brother founded a botanic garden with a collection of over 3000 species of plants. Macquart, too became interested in natural history. In 1796 he joined the staff of General Armand Samuel then campaigning in the
Revolutionary Wars. He was a secretary and draftsman. The general staff was stationed in Schwetzingen, then Heidelberg, Mainz, Aarau, Basel and Zürich
. He left the army in 1798 returning to Lille with German books, insects and birds.

French Diptera, Meigen and Marriage

He then worked full-time on insects and studying in the library and on 27

French Revolutionary Calendar (1802) he was elected a Fellow of the Société de Sciences de l’Agriculture et des Arts de la Ville de Lille. Soon he began travelling around France and went several times to Paris where he met Pierre André Latreille who suggested to specialize on Diptera, following the pioneering work of Johann Wilhelm Meigen. After some time in Holland he married and moved from Hazebrouck to Lestrem where he became mayor, from 1817 to 1852, then a member of the Conseil général of Pas-de-Calais.[2]

At this time he began intensive studies of Diptera examining the collections of

Musee d'Histoire Naturelle de Lille
.

His early taxonomic work included the Insectes diptères du nord de la France, published in Lille in 4 parts from 1826-1829. This prompted Latreille to enlist him as the author of the Diptera volumes of Suites à Buffon under his editorship. This arrangement was continued by Nicolas Roret when Latreille became ill. Two volumes were published (1834-1835) as Histoire naturelle des insectes Dipteres where non-European as well as European Diptera were treated.

In 1839 Macquart visited Johann Wilhelm Meigen, then aged 75, in Stolberg, purchasing his notes and drawings and bringing his collection to Paris where it is now in the

Muséum national d'histoire naturelle
. This established Macquart as Meigen's successor and Paris as the centre of Dipterology.

Exotic Diptera

The only works on exotic (non-European) Diptera at this time were those of

Paris Museum, into Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, Bolivia and Peru returning France with an enormous collection of more than 10,000 natural history specimens; Peter Claussen (c. 1804–1855) a Danish naturalist who collected in Brazil, a M. Giesebrecht, Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (Diptera from Egypt) and three members of a Belgian Commission for the exploration of tropical countries, August Giesebreght (1810–1893), Nicholas Funk (1817–1896) and Jean Jules Linden
(1817–1898). Material continued to pour into the museum from these and other sources as Macquarts reputation spread.

Last years

In 1845 Macquart went to Switzerland to see Maximilian Perty and from there to Germany, aware that events were moving rapidly to the revolutions of 1848. This was his last journey outside Paris. He is buried in Lille.

Societies

Macquart was a Member of the Entomological Society of Stettin, the Linnean Society of London and the Société entomologique de France.

Selected works

A plate from Histoire naturelle des insectes. Dipteres
  • 1811. Mémoire sur les plantations dans le département du Nord. Séance Publique de la Société des Sciences de Lille, 4, 116–131. (first published paper)
  • 1819. Notice sur les insectes Hemiptères du genre Psylle. Seanc Soc Sci Agr Arts Lille 5: 81-86.
  • 1826 Insectes diptères du nord de la France 1 and 2 Asiliques, bombyliers, xylotomes, leptides, vésiculeux, stratiomydes, xylophagites, tabaniens Lille : impr. L. Danel.
  • 1827 Insectes diptères du nord de la France 3 Platypézines, dolichopodes, empides, hybotides Lille : impr. L. Danel.
  • 1829 Insectes diptères du nord de la France 4, Syrphies Lille : impr. L. Danel.[3]
  • 1834-1835. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Dipteres Paris : Roret.
  • 1838 Insectes diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Two volumes. Paris: Roret.

All these works are available as free electronic texts from the

Gallica
.

  • 1839 Diptéres. In ‘ Histoire naturelle des Iles Canaries,’ by
    Philip Barker Webb and Sabin Berthelot
    ,

vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 97. Paris.

  • 1842 Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus Mémoires Soc Sci Agr Arts Lille 1841(1): 62-200.
  • 1843 Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus Mémoires Soc Sci Agr Arts Lille 1842: 162-460.
  • 1848 Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus Mémoires Soc Sci Agr Arts Lille 1847(2): 161-237.
  • 1850 Facultés intérieures des Animaux invertébrés. 8vo. Lille. This includes an 80-page autobiography.
  • 1855 Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus Mémoires Soc Sci Agr Arts Lille (2)1: 25-156.

Collections

  • Natural History Museum, Lille, France
  • Hope Department of Entomology
    Oxford University Museum, England
  • Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle
    Paris Natural History Museum, France.

External links

Notes

  1. ^ He used the name "J. Macquart" in his writings and signature.[1]

References

  1. PMID 27701208
    .
  2. La Voix du Nord
    , 11 October 2017
  3. ^ Macquart, Pierre-Justin-Marie. Insectes diptères du nord de la France. Syrphies. Vol. 1829. Lille. pp. 223 pp., 4 pls. Retrieved 16 July 2021. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  • Sichel, J. (1855) Ann. Soc. ent. France Paris, Bull. (3)3: CXIV.
  • Lhoste, J. (1987) Les Entomologistes francais 1750 - 1950. INRA, OPIE: 127 - 128, Portr.-Zeichnung [A1036].
  • Macquart, P.J.M. (1850) Facultés intérieures des animaux invertébrés. Roret, Paris, lxxxii + 272.
  • Pont, A. C. (1996) Dipterists Digest 2(2): 49 - 70 [12117].
  • Pont, A.C. (2012) Muscoidea (Fanniidae, Anthomyiidae, Muscidae) described by P. J. M. Macquart (Insecta, Diptera) Zoosystema 34 (1): 39-111. online[permanent dead link]
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