Pierre Loti
Louis Marie-Julien Viaud | |
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French navy officer, novelist | |
Nationality | French |
Signature | |
Pierre Loti (French: [pjɛʁ lɔti]; pseudonym of Louis Marie-Julien Viaud [lwi maʁi ʒyljɛ̃ vjo]; 14 January 1850 – 10 June 1923)[1] was a French naval officer and novelist, known for his exotic novels and short stories.[2]
Biography
Born to a
Loti proceeded to the
This was followed by Le Roman d'un spahi (1881), a record of the melancholy adventures of a soldier in Senegal. In 1882, Loti issued a collection of four shorter pieces, three stories and a travel piece, under the general title of Fleurs d'ennui (Flowers of Boredom).
In 1883 Loti achieved a wider public spotlight. First, he published the critically acclaimed Mon Frère Yves (My Brother Yves), a novel describing the life of a French naval officer (Pierre Loti), and a Breton sailor (Yves Kermadec, inspired by Loti companion Pierre le Cor), described by Edmund Gosse as "one of his most characteristic productions". Second, while serving in Tonkin (northern Vietnam) as a naval officer aboard the ironclad Atalante, Loti published three articles in the newspaper Le Figaro in September and October 1883 about atrocities that occurred during the Battle of Thuận An (20 August 1883), an attack by the French on the Vietnamese coastal defenses of Hue. He was threatened with suspension from the service for this indiscretion, thus gaining wider public notoriety. In 1884 his friend Émile Pouvillon dedicated his novel L'Innocent to Loti.
In 1886 Loti published a novel of life among the Breton fisherfolk, called Pêcheur d'Islande (An Iceland Fisherman), which Edmund Gosse characterized as "the most popular and finest of all his writings."[2] It shows Loti adapting some of the Impressionist techniques of contemporary painters, especially Monet, to prose, and is a classic of French literature. In 1887 he brought out a volume "of extraordinary merit, which has not received the attention it deserves", Propos d'exil, a series of short studies of exotic places, in his characteristic semi-autobiographic style. Madame Chrysanthème, a novel of Japanese manners that is a precursor to Madama Butterfly and Miss Saigon (a combination of narrative and travelogue) was published the same year.[5]
In 1890 Loti published Au Maroc, the record of a journey to Fez in company with a French embassy, and Le Roman d'un enfant (The Story of a Child), a somewhat fictionalized recollection of Loti's childhood that would greatly influence Marcel Proust. A collection of "strangely confidential and sentimental reminiscences", called Le Livre de la pitié et de la mort (The Book of Pity and Death) was published in 1891.
Loti was aboard ship at the port of
In 1899 and 1900 Loti visited British India, with the view of describing what he saw; the result appeared in 1903 in L'Inde (sans les anglais) (India (without the English)). During the autumn of 1900 he went to China as part of the international expedition sent to combat the Boxer Rebellion. He described what he saw there after the siege of Peking in Les Derniers Jours de Pékin (The Last Days of Peking, 1902).
Loti's later publications include:
In 1912 at the Century Theatre in New York City, Loti mounted a production of The Daughter of Heaven, a George Egerton adaptation of his French play La fille du ciel, commissioned in March 1903 by Sarah Bernhardt, written in collaboration with Judith Gautier and published in 1911.[7][8][9][10] The play was never performed in France, since apparently Bernhardt lost interest when she learned she would have to wear a black wig over her red hair.[11] In New York the title role was performed by Viola Allen.[8]
He died in 1923 in Hendaye and was interred on the island of Oléron with a state funeral.
Loti was an inveterate collector and his marriage into wealth helped him support this habit. His house in Rochefort, a remarkable reworking of two adjacent bourgeois row houses, is preserved as a museum.
Works
Contemporary critic Edmund Gosse gave the following assessment of his work:[2]
At his best Pierre Loti was unquestionably the finest descriptive writer of the day. In the delicate exactitude with which he reproduced the impression given to his own alert nerves by unfamiliar forms, colors, sounds and perfumes, he was without a rival. But he was not satisfied with this exterior charm; he desired to blend with it a moral sensibility of the extremest refinement, at once sensual and ethereal. Many of his best books are long sobs of remorseful memory, so personal, so intimate, that an English reader is amazed to find such depth of feeling compatible with the power of minutely and publicly recording what is felt. In spite of the beauty and melody and fragrance of Loti's books his mannerisms are apt to pall upon the reader, and his later books of pure description were rather empty. His greatest successes were gained in the species of confession, half-way between fact and fiction, which he essayed in his earlier books. When all his limitations, however, have been rehearsed, Pierre Loti remains, in the mechanism of style and cadence, one of the most original and most perfect French writers of the second half of the 19th century.
Bibliography
French and Francophone literature |
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- Aziyadé (1879)
- Le Mariage de Loti (originally titled Rarahu (1880)
- Le Roman d'un spahi (1881)
- Fleurs d'ennui (1882)
- Mon Frère Yves (1883) (English translation My Brother Yves)
- Les Trois Dames de la Kasbah (1884), which first appeared as part of Fleurs d'Ennui.
- Pêcheur d'Islande (1886) (English translation An Iceland Fisherman)
- Madame Chrysanthème (1887)[13]
- Propos d'Exil (1887)
- Japoneries d'Automne (1889)
- Au Maroc (1890)
- Le Roman d'un enfant (1890)
- Le Livre de la pitié et de la mort (1891)
- Fantôme d'Orient (1892)
- L'Exilée (1893)
- Matelot (1893)
- Le Désert (1895)
- Jérusalem (1895)
- La Galilée (1895)
- Ramuntcho (1897)
- Figures et choses qui passaient (1898)
- Judith Renaudin (1898)
- Reflets sur la sombre route (1899)
- Les Derniers Jours de Pékin (1902)
- L'Inde (sans les Anglais) (1903)
- Vers Ispahan (1904)
- La Troisième Jeunesse de Madame Prune (1905)
- Les Désenchantées (1906)
- La Mort de Philae (1909)
- Le Château de la Belle au Bois dormant (1910)
- Un Pèlerin d'Angkor (1912)
- Turquie Agonisante (1913). An English translation, Turkey in Agony, was published in the same year.
- La Hyène enragée (1916)
- Quelques aspects du vertige Mondial (1917)
- L'Horreur allemande (1918)
- Les massacres d'Arménie (1918)
- Prime Jeunesse (1919)
- La Mort de notre chère France en Orient (1920)
- Suprêmes Visions d'Orient (1921), written with the help of his son Samuel Viaud
- Un Jeune Officier pauvre (1923, posthumous)
- Lettres à Juliette Adam (1924, posthumous)
- Journal intime (1878–1885), 2 vol (private diary, 1925–1929, posthumous)
- Correspondence inédite (unpublished correspondence from 1865 to 1904, 1929, posthumous)
Filmography
- Le Roman d'un spahi, directed by Henri Pouctal (1914, based on the novel Le Roman d'un spahi)
- Pêcheur d'Islande, directed by Henri Pouctal (1915, short film, based on the novel Pêcheur d'Islande)
- Ramuntcho, directed by Jacques de Baroncelli (1919, short film, based on the novel Ramuntcho)
- Pêcheur d'Islande , directed by Jacques de Baroncelli (1924, based on the novel Pêcheur d'Islande)
- Pêcheur d'Islande , directed by Pierre Guerlais (1934, based on the novel Pêcheur d'Islande)
- Le Roman d'un spahi , directed by Michel Bernheim (1936, based on the novel Le Roman d'un spahi)
- Ramuntcho, directed by René Barberis (1938, based on the novel Ramuntcho)
- The Marriage of Ramuntcho, directed by Max de Vaucorbeil (1947, based on the novel Ramuntcho)
- Ramuntcho, directed by Pierre Schoendoerffer (1959, based on the novel Ramuntcho)
- Pêcheur d'Islande , directed by Pierre Schoendoerffer (1959, based on the novel Pêcheur d'Islande)
References
- ^ "Pierre Loti | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
- ^ a b c This article is derived largely from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1911) article "Pierre Loti" by Edmund Gosse. Unless otherwise referenced, it is the source used throughout, with citations made for specific quotes by Gosse.
- ISBN 9788577772698.
"Pierre Loti," was born in Rochefort, of an old French-Protestant family, January 14, 1850..
- ^ "Buste de Pierre Loti, vallée de la Fautaua - Tahiti Heritage". www.tahitiheritage.pf (in French). 25 January 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
- ^ See also Madame Chrysanthème by André Messager.
- ^ Ömer Koç, 'The Cruel Hoaxing of Pierre Loti' Cornucopia, Issue 3, 1992, Cornucopia.net
- ISBN 9781789140439.
- ^ a b "Loti-Gautier Play at Century Theatre", The New York Times, October 13, 1912.
- ^ Judith Gautier & Pierre Loti (1911). La Fille du ciel. Paris: Calmann Levy.
- ISBN 9780803292246.
- ISBN 9780993092787.
- ^ "Pierre Loti's House - Rochefort - Michelin Travel". Archived from the original on 14 August 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
- ^ Pierre Loti (1908). Madame Chrysanthème. Current literature publishing company.
Sources
- public domain: Gosse, Edmund William (1911). "Loti, Pierre". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). pp. 19–20. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
- Berrong, Richard M. (2013). Putting Monet and Rembrandt into Words: Pierre Loti's Recreation and Theorization of Claude Monet's Impressionism and Rembrandt's Landscapes in Literature. Chapel Hill: North Carolina Studies in Romance Language and Literature. vol 301.
- Aldrich, Robert (2002). Who's Who in Gay and Lesbian History from Antiquity to World War II. Routledge; London. ISBN 0-415-15983-0.
- ISBN 978-1-85043-429-0
- Edmund B. D'Auvergne (2002). Pierre Loti: The Romance of a Great Writer. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7103-0864-1(hardcover).
- Ömer Koç, 'The Cruel Hoaxing of Pierre Loti' Cornucopia, Issue 3, 1992
External links
Official
- Official site of Maison Pierre Loti, house museum in Rochefort, in French.
Sources
- Works by Pierre Loti at Project Gutenberg
- Works by Pierre Loti at Faded Page (Canada)
- Works by or about Pierre Loti at Internet Archive
- Works by or about Julien Viaud at Internet Archive
- Works by Pierre Loti at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
Commentary
- René Doumic. Contemporary French Novelists. New York, Boston : T. Y. Crowell & company. 1899. Biography and critical summary of Loti. From Internet Archive.
- Edmund Gosse. French Profiles. New York : Dodd, Mead and company. 1905. Collected reviews of Loti's works, by literary critic Edmund Gosse. From Internet Archive.
- Albert Leon Guerard. Five Masters of French Romance: Anatole France, Pierre Loti, Paul Bourget, Maurice Barrès, Romain Rolland. London T. Fisher Unwin. 1916. Biography and literary survey of major works. From Internet Archive.
- Frank Harris. Contemporary portraits. Second series. New York. 1919. Personal recollections of Loti. From Internet Archive.
- Henry James, ed. Impressions. Westminster : A. Constable and Co. 1898. Introduction by Henry James about Loti's life and works. From Internet Archive.
- Winifred (Stephens) Whale. French Novelists of To-day. London : John Lane; New York, John Lane company. 1908; see chapter "Pierre Loti", biography and literary survey. From Internet Archive.
- Easter Island Foundation sells an English translation of Loti's account of his visit to Easter Island, along with those of Eugène Eyraud, Hippolyte Roussel and Alphonse Pinart, under the title Early Visitors to Easter Island 1864–1877.
- Pierre Lotis' Madame Chrysanthème
- Newspaper clippings about Pierre Loti in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW