Rhynchospora

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Pleurostachys
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Beak-sedge
Rhynchospora fascicularis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Rhynchospora
Vahl
Type species
Rhynchospora alba
(L.) Vahl.
Synonyms[1]
  • Asteroschoenus Nees
  • Astroschoenus Lindl.
  • Calyptrolepis Steud.
  • Calyptrostylis Nees
  • Cephaloschoenus Nees
  • Ceratoschoenus Nees
  • Cleistocalyx Steud.
  • Dichroma Ham.
  • Dichromena Michx.
  • Diplochaete Nees
  • Echinoschoenus Nees & Meyen
  • Ephippiorhynchium Nees
  • Eriochaeta Torr. ex Steud.
  • Haloschoenus Nees
  • Haplostylis Nees
  • Hygrocharis Nees
  • Kleistrocalyx Steud.
  • Leptoschoenus Nees
  • Lonchostylis Torr.
  • Microchaeta Rchb.
  • Micropapyrus Suess.
  • Mitrospora Nees
  • Morisia Nees
  • Nemochloa Nees
  • Nomochloa Nees
  • Pachymitra Nees
  • Phaeocephalum Ehrh
  • Pleurostachys Brongn.
  • Psilocarya Torr.
  • Pterochaete Arn. ex Boeckeler
  • Pterotheca C.Presl
  • Ptilochaeta Nees
  • Ptilosciadium Steud.
  • Spermodon P.Beauv. ex Lestib.
  • Sphaeroschoenus Nees
  • Syntrinema H.Pfeiff.
  • Trichochaeta Steud.
  • Triodon Pers.
  • Zosterospermon P.Beauv. ex Lestib.

Rhynchospora (beak-rush or beak-sedge) is a genus of about 400 species of sedges with a cosmopolitan distribution. The genus includes both annual and perennial species, mostly with erect 3-sided stems and 3-ranked leaves. The achenes bear a beak-like tubercule (hence the name “beak-rush”, although the plants are sedges, not rushes) and are sometimes subtended by bristles. Many of the species are similar in vegetative appearance, and mature fruits are needed to make a positive identification.[1] [2]

The inflorescences (spikelets) are sometimes subtended by bracts which can be leaf-like or showy.[3][4]

Members of this genus have holocentric chromosomes, which is rare in eukaryotes, and have become a model for the study of chromosome evolution. The genomes of Rhynchospora pubera, R. breviuscula, and R. tenuis have been published in 2022.[5]

Ecology

Rhynchospora occurs on all continents except Antarctica, but is most diverse in the neotropics.[6] It is most frequent in sunny habitats with wet, acidic soils.[7] In marshes and savannas, Rhynchospora may be the dominant form of vegetation.

Taxonomy

See also: List of Rhynchospora species

Contemporary taxonomic treatments include Rhynchospora and the related genus Pleurostachys in the tribe Rhynchosporae, a well-supported clade within Cyperaceae.

monophyletic.[10]

Selected species
[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Rhynchospora Vahl | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  2. ^ Govaerts, R. & Simpson, D.A. (2007). World Checklist of Cyperaceae. Sedges: 1-765. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  3. ^ Flora of China, Vol. 23 Page 253, 刺子莞属 ci zi guan shu, Rhynchospora Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 229. 1805.
  4. ^ Flora of North America, Vol. 23 Page 200, Rhynchospora Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 229. 1805 (as Rynchospora)
  5. ISSN 0092-8674
    .
  6. ^ Thomas, W.W. 1992. A synopsis of Rhynchospora (Cyperaceae) in Mesoamerica. Brittonia 44:14–44.
  7. ^ Kral, R. 2002. Rhynchospora. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 15+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23 pp. 200-239.
  8. ^ Muasya, A. M., J. Bruhl, D. A. Simpson, A. Culham and M. W. Chase. 2000. Suprageneric phylogeny of Cyperaceae: A combined analysis. pp. 593–601. In: K. Wilson and D. Morrison (eds.) Monocots: Systematics and Evolution. CSIRO: Melbourne.
  9. ^ Kükenthal, G. 1949-1951. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Rhynchosporoideae. Rhynchospora. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 74, 75
  10. ^ a b Thomas W.W., A.C. Araujo, and M.V. Alves. 2009. A Preliminary Molecular Phylogeny of the Rhynchosporae (Cyperaceae). Botanical Review 75:22-29.
  11. ^ Rhynchospora glomerata (L.) Vahl USDA Plants Profile. 23 Nov 2011

External links

Other sources

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2005). Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 52: 1–415.
  • Gale, S. 1944. Rhynchospora sect. Eurhynchospora in Canada, the United States and the West Indies. Rhodora 46: 80–134, 159–197, 255–278.
  • Kral, R. 1996. Supplemental notes on Rhynchospora crinipes and related species in sect. Fuscae (Cyperaceae). Sida 17: 385–411.
  • Strong, M.T. (2006). Taxonomy and distribution of Rhynchospora (Cyperaceae) in the Guianas, South America. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 53: 1–225.
  • Thomas, W. W. 1994. 1. Rhynchospora Vahl. 6: 404–422. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F.
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