Plushcap
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| Plushcap | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Thraupidae |
| Genus: | Catamblyrhynchus Lafresnaye, 1842 |
| Species: | C. diadema
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| Binomial name | |
| Catamblyrhynchus diadema Lafresnaye, 1842
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The plushcap (Catamblyrhynchus diadema) is a
The plushcap is one of the most distinctive of all Neotropical passerines in both its appearance and behavior. The plushcap was in its own family until recently when it was grouped with the tanagers. It is very distinct both physically and in its behavior. The bill is broad and black. The body is a chestnut color with a bright golden-yellow forecrown. The forecrown is made up of stiff feathers. It has been speculated that these short, dense feathers are less susceptible to feather wear and more resistant to moisture than typical feathers. This may be an adaptation for its specialized feeding mode, in which it probes into dense whorls of bamboo for its prey items (Hilty et al. 1979). Juveniles are just duller versions of their parents. They are found at high elevations from northern Venezuela south to Argentina, including the coastal mountains of Venezuela and the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and extreme northwestern Argentina. They live in montane forests and secondary forests near bamboo. They forage for insects inside the bamboo. They will eat small insects, berries, and small plant matter.
The bird is very distinct and is not confused with many other birds. It stands out from the other tanagers, only possibly being confused with the golden-crowned tanager despite the golden-crowned tanager being blue. Its natural habitat is humid montane forests and it is always found in close association with Chusquea bamboo. It is typically found at elevations between 1,800 and 3,500 m.
Taxonomy
The plushcap was
Three subspecies are recognised:[6]
- C. d. federalis Phelps & Phelps Jr, 1953 – north Venezuela
- C. d. diadema Lafresnaye, 1842 – north Colombia and northwest Venezuela to south Ecuador
- C. d. citrinifrons Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896 – Peru, Bolivia and northwest Argentina
Description
The plushcap is about 14 cm (5.5 in) long and males weigh on average 14.9 g (0.53 oz) and females 13.4 g (0.47 oz).[7] It has a chestnut body and a golden-yellow forecrown (the plush part of the name). From its nape to its wings, it is black. The males and females look similar but the males are slightly larger than the females.
The subspecies C. d. citrinifrons is found in Peru and has a paler cap while C. d. federalis is found in coastal Venezuela and is brighter than C. d. diadema.
Vocalizations
While the plushcap is usually quiet, when it does vocalize it has a long series of chirps and twitters.
Distribution and habitat
Plushcaps prefer to live in montane forest or secondary woodland by Chusquea bamboo which they use to find food. They stay at high elevation, between 2,300–3,500 m (7,500–11,500 ft).[1]
Diet
The diet consists of small insects, berries, and plant material, and they typically forage in small groups within mixed species flocks of wide diversity. The plushcap looks for insects by probing and pushing its bill into the stems and leaf nodes of the bamboo and prying them open. They also forage by running their bill along the stems of bamboo with a series of tiny biting motions. Plushcaps will often hang upside down while searching for the insects.
Conservation status
Plushcaps are considered of
References
- ^ . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ^ de Lafresnaye, Frédéric (1842). "Description de quelques oiseaux nouveaux de Colombie". Revue Zoologique. 5: 301–302 [301].
- ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ a b Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 215.
- PMID 24583021.
- Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2020). "Tanagers and allies". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
- S2CID 89917950. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
Further reading
- Hilty, S.L.; Parker III, T.A.; Silliman, J. (1979). "Observations on plush-capped finches in the Andes with a description of the juvenal and immature plumages" (PDF). Wilson Bulletin. 91 (1): 145–148.
- Krabbe, N.; Flórez, P.; Suárez, G.; Castaño, J.; Arango, A. D.; Duque, A. (2006). "The birds of Páramo de Frontino, western Andes of Colombia" (PDF). Ornitología Colombiana. 4: 39–50.
- Greeney, H. F.; Nunnery, T. (2006). "Notes on the breeding of north-west Ecuadorian birds". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 126 (1): 38–44.
- Ridgley, R. S.; Greenfield, P. J. (2001). Birds of Ecuador. New York. p. 759.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Restall, R.; Rodner, C.; Lentino, M. (2007). Birds of Northern South America. New Haven. p. 674.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Harris, T. (2009). Complete Birds of the World. Washington, D.C. pp. 358–360.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Catamblyrhynchus diadema". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 14 August 2019.