Prenk Bib Doda

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Bib Dod Pasha.
Prenk Bib Doda
Turhan Pasha Përmeti
Preceded byTurhan Pasha Përmeti
Succeeded byPavli Terka
Personal details
Born1860 (1860)
Orosh, Mirditë, Ottoman Empire (today Albania)
Died22 March 1919(1919-03-22) (aged 58–59)[1]
Bregu i Matit, Lezhë, Principality of Albania
Cause of deathAssassinated
Signature

Prenk Bib Doda, also known as Prênk Pasha (Albanian: Prenk Bibë Doda; 1860–1919[1]), was an Albanian member of the Young Turks, prince of Mirdita, and politician in the Principality of Albania.[2]

Background

Early years

Doda was born in 1860 in

Albanian Revolt of 1843–44 against the Tanzimat reforms.[3] He spent his youth in Istanbul and returned to Mirdita in 1876. During the Great Eastern Crisis, Montenegro attempted to get Albanian tribes to revolt against the empire and Ottoman-Albanian officials of Shkodër attempted to counter those actions through negotiations with Doda.[4] Doda later took two Ottoman negotiators hostage, closed access to roads passing through Mirdita and demanded the release of imprisoned Albanians in Shkodër's jail.[4] French, British and Italian consuls attempted to mediate between the empire and Doda while the Ottoman governor moved troops into position.[4] By mid-April Doda began his uprising against the Ottomans and the empire sent troops to quell the revolt.[4] He was a contributor to the Albanian League of Prizren in 1878.[5][6] Dervish Pasha ordered the arrest of some of Albanian League notables and tribal chieftains for disobedience which included Doda.[7]

Exile

Doda was exiled to Anatolia by the Ottoman government and later given a post of Brigadier General in the palace of Sultan Abdul Hamid II.[8] While in Istanbul, Doda had become a member of the Young Turks.[9] He was released in 1908, after the Young Turk Revolution and the new Ottoman government thought that Doda's freedom would assist in gaining the support of the Mirdita tribe.[5][10] Local Muslim and Christian Albanian highlanders (Malisors) viewed Doda's return as more important than the Ottoman constitution.[11] The local Young Turk (CUP) branch in Shkodër, under pressure from local tribal chieftains, chose to obtain Doda's release for Mirdita in return for supporting the new constitutional government.[11]

Return from exile

Prenk Bib Doda (1890s)

Doda's return to Mirdita consisted of a visit to Shkodër meeting Young Turk members and wiring the

Congress of Monastir of 1908, Doda sent a telegram of support for the Bashkimi Alphabet which he viewed practical for communication and commerce.[12]

Doda offered assistance from his tribe during the

31 March Incident to quell the uprising and these sentiments where more due to fears that the Hamidian regime could return than loyalty toward the CUP.[13] By 1911, Doda was a deputy in the Ottoman parliament and had expressed concerns to the Austro-Hungarian ambassador Johann von Pallavicini in Istanbul about possible partition of Albania by its neighbours Bulgaria, Montenegro and Serbia.[14] Relations with the Young Turks broke down and Doda received overtures of support from Montenegro to establish an autonomous Catholic Albanian state provided he assisted Montenegrin forces during the Balkan Wars.[9] Doda having fallen led rebellions against the empire, on October 26, 1911 he founded in Mirdita a Provision Government of Albania together with Terenzio Tocci
, overruled by the Ottomans at that time.

Independent Albania

Prenk Bib Doda after his return from exile with an Ottoman Young Turk official (1909)

In order to gain support of the

Ahmet Zogu.[15]

Dutch gendarmes together with Doda's northern Mirdita Catholics attempted to capture Shijak, but when they engaged the rebels on May 23, they were surrounded and captured, as well as another expedition from Durrës which attempted to release the captured gendarmes. Another expedition failed on June 23, around 15 miles north of Durrës near Slinzë, where Prenk himself was captured by the rebels and then released on parole. There were rumors that he was a traitor to Prince Wilhelm, and he laid down arms and went voluntarily to the rebels.[17]

After

Turhan Pasha Permeti.[5]

In 1918, at the Congress of Durrës, Doda was elected vice president.[18] He was in a very tense relationship with the Italian authorities established in Albania, and in a very good relations with the British diplomats. On 22 March 1919, while traveling from Durrës to Shëngjin in company of British diplomat Eden, Doda was killed in an ambush resulting from a blood feud.[19][20][21][22] The motive was revenge for Bib Doda's ordering the assassination of Prenk Gjeto Çoku's father, Gjeto Çoku, the Prefect of Lezhë.

See also

  • Prenk
  • Republic of Mirdita
  • Ottoman military reform efforts
  • Catholicism in Albania

Notes

  1. First World War. On 25 December 1918 the Congress of Durrës was held appointing so called Government of Durrës
    , in which Doda was reappointed to the same position.
  2. Albanian Republic

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 1-84511-013-7
    .
  2. ISBN 1-86064-541-0
    . Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  3. OCLC 255273594
    , retrieved 2013-12-14
  4. ^ a b c d Gawrych 2006, p. 40.
  5. ^
    ISBN 978-0810861886
    . Retrieved 2013-12-14.
  6. ^ Skendi 1967, p. 38.
  7. ^ Gawrych 2006, p. 63.
  8. ^ Skendi 1967, pp. 68, 99–100, 190.
  9. ^ a b Skendi 1967, pp. 449–450.
  10. ^ Gawrych 2006, pp. 81, 160.
  11. ^ a b c d e f Gawrych 2006, p. 160.
  12. ^ Skendi 1967, p. 372.
  13. ISBN 9781845112875
    .
  14. ISBN 9781400847761
    .
  15. ^
    ISBN 978-1850437611
    . Retrieved 2013-12-14.
  16. ^ Elsie, Robert. "Albania under prince Wied". Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2011. ... mostly volunteers from Kosova under their leader Isa Boletini
  17. ISBN 978-1845110130
    . Retrieved 6 February 2014.
  18. ISBN 978-1845110130
    . Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  19. ^ Winnifrith, T.J. (2021). Nobody's Kingdom A History of Northern Albania. London: Andrews UK Limited.
  20. ^ Vickers, Miranda (2011). The Albanians A Modern History. London: I.B.Tauris.
  21. OCLC 37228559
    , Prek Gjeto Coku - prej familjes se Cokajve- niset menjëherë në vendin e pritës për t'i dalë para Pashës. Sadri Zeka menjëherë lajmëron Mana Begun, kryetar i Bashkisë, i cili telefonon në Shkodër për një veturë për ta nisur S. Zekën që ta priste Pashën por, kur mbërrini vetura, puna ishte kryer. Preng Pasha niset për tokë prej Durrësi me Edenin (konsull anglez) e Inteligjens Servisit, i cili kryente një shërbim special në atë kohë në favor të Shqipërisë. Kur e kalojnë lumin e Matit, vetura qëllohet nga prita. Pasha ngrihet më këmbë e bërtet: "Më vritni mue e mos qitni mbi të huejt, se asht kundra zakonit tonë" Pasha dhe disa nga njerëzit e tij vriten, ndërsa konsulli Eden plagoset në krahë. Kështu P. Pasha vritet - per gjakmarrje ne mes te Mirditasve e Lekeve. Preng pasha u vra mer te marre gjakun e Gjeto Cokut, kryetarit te bashkise se lezhes. Hylli i Drites i asaj kohe shkruan: "Hylli i Dritës" "Lezhë. – Me 7 të tetorit, një rrezik i madh e gjeti Qeverinë e Lezhës, Malësinë e Madhe e, të thuesh, Shqipninë mbarë; pse në këtë ditë Gjeto Coku, kryetar i Qeverisë së Lezhës, qe vra në tradhti prej njëfar Preng Gjakove, një mirditas, dalë tash vonë në Gjakovë e shkrue, së mbrami, në xhandarmëri të Lezhës.
  22. ^ Swire, John (1971). Albania: The Rise of a Kingdom. New York: Arno Press. p. 354.
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