Pyramidellidae
Pyramidellidae | |
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Live Turbonilla acutissima | |
Apertural view of a Pyramidella acus
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Mollusca |
Class: | Gastropoda |
Subclass: | Heterobranchia |
Superfamily: | Pyramidelloidea |
Family: | Pyramidellidae J. E. Gray, 1840[1] |
Type genus | |
Pyramidella Lamarck, 1799
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Synonyms | |
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Pyramidellidae,
The pyram family is distributed worldwide with more than 6,000 named species in more than 350 nominal genera and subgenera.[2]
This family of
The family is currently divided into 11 subfamilies (Ponder & Lindberg 1997).[6] An alternative interpretation is that the family Pyramidellidae is but one of six families within the superfamily Pyramidelloidea (Schander, van Aartsen & Corgan 1999).[7] Many species are rare or infrequently recorded.
Subfamilies
Subfamilies included within the family Pyramidellidae vary according to the taxonomy consulted. The currently leading taxonomy is the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005).
1997 taxonomy
Taxonomy of Pyramidellidae by Ponder & Lindberg (1997):[6]
- ChrysallidinaeSaurin, 1958
- CingulininaeSaurin, 1959
- CyclostremellinaeMoore, 1966
- EulimellinaeSaurin, 1958
- OdostomellinaeSaurin, 1959
- Odostomiinae Pelseneer, 1928
- Pyramidellinae J.E. Gray, 1840
- SayellinaeWise, 1996
- Syrnolinae Saurin, 1958
- TiberiinaeSaurin, 1958
- Turbonillinae Bronn, 1849
1999 taxonomy
Taxonomy of Pyramidellidae by Schander, Van Aartsen & Corgan (1999):[7]
- Superfamily Pyramidelloidea Gray, 1840
- Family Amathinidae Ponder, 1987
- Family EbalidaeWarén, 1994 - synonym: Anisocyclidae van Aartsen, 1995
- Family OdostomiidaePelseneer, 1928
- Subfamily Odostomiinae Pelseneer, 1928
- Subfamily ChrysallidinaeSaurin, 1958
- Subfamily OdostomellinaeSaurin, 1958
- Subfamily CyclostremellinaeMoore, 1966
- Family Pyramidellidae J. E. Gray, 1840
- Subfamily Pyramidellinae J. E. Gray, 1840
- Subfamily SayellinaeWise, 1996
- Family SyrnolidaeSaurin, 1958
- Subfamily Syrnolinae Saurin, 1958
- Subfamily TiberiinaeSaurin, 1958
- Family TurbonillidaeBronn, 1849
- Subfamily Turbonillinae Bronn, 1849
- Subfamily EulimellinaeSaurin, 1958
- Subfamily CingulininaeSaurin, 1959
2005 taxonomy
Taxonomy of Pyramidellidae by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):[8]
- Subfamily Pyramidellinae Gray, 1840
- Subfamily Odostomiinae Pelseneer, 1928
- Tribe Odostomiini Pelseneer, 1928 - synonyms: Ptychostomonidae Locard, 1886; Liostomiini Schander, Halanych, Dahlgren & Sundberg, 2003 (n.a.)
- Tribe Chrysallidini Saurin, 1958 - formerly subfamily Chrysallidinae, synonyms: Menesthinae Saurin, 1958; Pyrgulininae Saurin, 1959
- Tribe Cyclostremellini D. R. Moore, 1966 - formerly subfamily Cyclostremellinae
- Tribe Odostomellini Saurin, 1959 - formerly subfamily Odostomellinae
- Subfamily Syrnolinae Saurin, 1958 - formerly subfamily Syrnolinae
- Tribe Syrnolini Saurin, 1958
- Tribe TiberiiniSaurin, 1958 - formerly subfamily Tiberiinae
- Subfamily Turbonillinae Bronn, 1849
- Tribe Turbonillini Bronn, 1849 - synonym: Chemnitziinae Stoliczka, 1868
- Tribe Cingulinini Saurin, 1958 - formerly subfamily Cingulininae
- Tribe Eulimellini Saurin, 1958 - formerly subfamily Eulimellinae
- Pyramidellidae incertae sedis
- Bulimoscilla Robba, 2013
- Maricarmenia Peñas & Rolán, 2017
- Pyrabinella Faber, 2013
- Pyramidellidae incertae sedis insularisOliver, 1915
In 2010 the family Pyramidellidae has been recognized as
In 2017 the genera Helodiamea Peñas & Rolán, 2017 of deep-water Pyramidelloidea from the Central and South Pacific, and the Perheida Peñas & Rolán, 2017 were recognized.[11]
Problematic taxa
The following genera are currently difficult to place within existing subtaxa of the Pyramidellidae.
- Charilda Iredale, 1929
- Contraxiala Laseron, 1956
- Cossmannica Dall & Bartsch, 1904[citation needed]
- Eulimotibera Nomura, 1939[citation needed]
- Finlayola Laws, 1937
- Morrisonetta Brandt, 1968[citation needed]
- Peristichia Dall, 1889[12]
- Ulfa Dall & Bartsch, 1904[citation needed]
- Vagna Dall & Bartsch, 1904[citation needed]
The following species is of uncertain placement within Pyramidellidae.
- "Epigrus" insularis Oliver, 1915
- Pyramidellidae incertae sedis venusta (de Folin, 1872)
Synonyms
The following genera have become synonyms (but some species in this genera have not yet been reassigned) :
- Actaeopyramis P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of MonotigmaG.B. Sowerby II, 1839
- Amaura Møller, 1842: synonym of Aartsenia Warén, 1991
- Auriculina Gray, 1847: synonym of Ondina de Folin, 1870
- Besla Dall & Bartsch, 1904: synonym of Parthenina Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883
- Brachystomia Monterosato, 1884: synonym of Odostomia Fleming, 1813
- Chemnitzia d'Orbigny, 1839: synonym of Turbonilla Risso, 1826
- Elusa A. Adams, 1861: synonym of Tropaeas Dall & Bartsch, 1904
- Folinella Dall & Bartsch, 1904: synonym of Chrysallida Carpenter, 1856
- Iole A. Adams, 1860: synonym of Iolaea A. Adams, 1867
- Iolina Baily, 1948: synonym of Iolaea A. Adams, 1867
- Ividella Dall & Bartsch, 1909: synonym of Chrysallida Carpenter, 1856
- Lonchaeus : synonym of Longchaeus Mörch, 1875
- Moerchiella Thiele, 1924 : synonym of Moerchia A. Adams, 1860
- Moerchinella Thiele, 1931: synonym of Moerchia A. Adams, 1860
- Monoptygma: synonym of MonotigmaG.B. Sowerby II, 1839
- Monotygma G.B. Sowerby II, 1839: synonym of MonotigmaG.B. Sowerby II, 1839
- Noemia de Folin, 1870: synonym of Noemiamea de Folin, 1886
- Obeliscus Gray, 1847: synonym of Pyramidella Lamarck, 1799
- Obex Laws, 1940: synonym of Obexomia Laws, 1941
- Odontostoma Philippi, 1853: synonym of Odostomia Fleming, 1813
- Odontostomia G.B. Sowerby I, 1839: synonym of Odostomia Fleming, 1813
- Parthenia Lowe, 1840: synonym of Parthenina Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883
- Parthenina Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883: synonym of Chrysallida Carpenter, 1856
- Partulida Schaufuss, 1869: synonym of Chrysallida Carpenter, 1856
- Planipyrgiscus [sic]: synonym of Planpyrgiscus Laws, 1937
- Plotia Röding, 1798: synonym of Pyramidella Lamarck, 1799
- Ptychostomon Locard, 1886: synonym of Odostomia Fleming, 1813
- Pyrgulina A. Adams, 1864: synonym of Chrysallida Carpenter, 1856
- Raoulostraca Oliver, 1915: synonym of Eulimella Forbes & M'Andrew, 1846
- Tragula Monterosato, 1884: synonym of Chrysallida Carpenter, 1856
- Tropeas [sic]: synonym of Tropaeas Dall & Bartsch, 1904
Distribution
This family is found worldwide, but many species are only found in relatively small geographical ranges. The species found at the
Shell description
The length of the slender, elongated (turreted or conical) shells varies between 0.5 mm and 3.5 cm, but most species in the family have shells which are smaller than 13 mm.
The texture of these shells is smooth or sculptured in various forms such as ribs and spirals. Their color is mostly white, cream or yellowish, sometimes with red or brown lines.
The
. This results in a sinistrally coiled protoconch.The
The operculum is ovoid and paucispiral, with the apex anterior, a thread-like arcuate ridge on the proximal side, the inner margin notched in harmony with the plaits of the pillar when prominent.
The species are characterized by the lack of jaw or
Life habits
The Pyramidellidae are
They do not have a radula. Instead their long proboscis is used to pierce the skin of its prey and suck up its fluids and soft tissues. The eyes on the grooved tentacles are situated toward the base of the tentacles. These tentacles have a concave surface. Between the head and the propodium (the foremost division of the foot), a lobed process called the mentum (= thin projection) is visible. This mentum is slightly indented in midline.
These gastropods are hermaphrodites, laying eggs in jelly-like masses on the shell of their hosts. Some species have spermatophores.[3][17][18]
Name derived from shape
The name of this taxonomic family comes from the shape of the shell, which is like a pyramid.[19] More specifically, the shape is like a right circular cone,[20] which is equivalent to a right pyramid whose base has many sides.[21]
References
- ^ Gray, J. E. (1840). Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum, 42nd edition. London. p. 370 pp.
- S2CID 84249963.
- ^ .
- .
- ^ Dinapoli A, Zinssmeister C, Klussman-Kolb A. 2011. New insights into the phylogeny of the Pyramidellidae (Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies 77:1-7.
- ^ .
- ^ a b Schander, C.; van Aartsen, J.J.; Corgan, J. X. (1999) [1998]. "Families and genera of the Pyramidelloidea (Mollusca: Gastropoda)" (PDF). Bollettino Malacologico. 34 (9–12): 145–166. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-02-11. Retrieved 2017-02-09.
- ^ Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). "Classification and Nomenclator of Gastropod Families". Malacologia. 47 (1–2): 1–397.
- .
- ^ Peñas A. & Rolán E. (2017). Deep water Pyramidelloidea from the central and South Pacific. The tribe Chrysallidini. ECIMAT (Estación de Ciencias Mariñas de Toralla), Universidade de Vigo. 412 pp.
- ^ Bouchet, P. (2017). Helodiamea Peñas & Rolán, 2017. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=955936 Archived 2017-09-10 at the Wayback Machine on 2017-09-10
- ^ WoRMS (2010). Peristichia. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=415795 Archived 2012-11-05 at the Wayback Machine on 2011-03-15
- ^ "J.J. van Aartsen, E. Gittenberger & J. Goud, Pyramidellidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia) collected during the Dutch CANCAP and MAURITANIA expeditions in the south-eastern part of the North Atlantic Ocean (part 2)". Archived from the original on 2015-04-09. Retrieved 2011-11-12.
- ^ Sneli, J.-A. (1972). "Odostomia turrita found on Hommarus gammarus". Nautilus. 86 (1): 23–24.
- JSTOR 1541058.
- ^ Roger H. Goodwill et al. (2009), A sea anemone symbiotic with gastropods of eight species in the Mariana Islands; Micronesica 41(1): 117–130, 2009 Archived 2010-06-18 at the Wayback Machine
- .
- ^ Robertson, R. (1967). "The life history of Odostomia bisuturalis and Odostomia spermatophores (Gastropoda: Pyramidellidae)". American Philosophical Society Yearbook. 1967: 368–370.
- ^ Tenney, Sanborn and Tenney, Abby. Natural history of animals; Containing brief descriptions of the animals figured on Tenney's Natural history tablets, but complete without the tablets, p. 202 (Scribner, Armstrong & Co., 1875): "The Pyramid-Shells are so named from their shape"
- ^ Step, Edward. Shell Life: An Introduction to the British Mollusca, p. 250 (F. Warne & Company, 1901).
- ^ Robbins, Edward. Plane and Solid Geometry, p. 349 (American Book Company, 1907).
Further reading
- Dinapoli, A.; Zinssmeister, C.; Klussmann-Kolb, A. (2010). "New insights into the phylogeny of the Pyramidellidae (Gastropoda)". .
- Hayward P. J. &, J.S. Ryland (1996). Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford University Press. p. 546. ISBN 0-19-854055-8.