Pyrolusite
Pyrolusite | ||
---|---|---|
Specific gravity 4.4–5.06 | | |
Refractive index | Opaque | |
References | [2][3][4][5] | |
Major varieties | ||
Polianite | pseudomorphic after manganite[6] |
Pyrolusite is a
Occurrence
Pyrolusite and
Use
The metal is obtained by reduction of the oxide with
Dendritic manganese oxides
Black, manganese oxides with a dendritic crystal habit often found on fracture or rock surfaces are often assumed to be pyrolusite although careful analyses of numerous examples of these dendrites has shown that none of them are, in fact, pyrolusite. Instead, they are other forms of manganese oxide.[8][9]
History
Some of the most famous early cave paintings in Europe were executed by means of manganese dioxide. Blocks of pyrolusite are found often at
The ancient Greeks had a term μάγνης or Μάγνης λίθος ("Magnes lithos") meaning stone of the area called Μαγνησία (Magnesia), referring to
See also
Other manganese oxides:
References
- S2CID 235729616.
- ^ Mineralienatlas
- ^ Barthelmy, David (2014). "Pyrolusite Mineral Data". Webmineral.com. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
- ^ Pyrolusite, Mindat.org, retrieved 4 August 2022
- ^ a b c Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (2005). "Pyrolusite" (PDF). Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineral Data Publishing. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
- ^ Polianite, Mindat.org, retrieved 4 August 2022
- ISBN 978-3-527-30385-4.
- ^ Potter, Russell M. and Rossman, George R. (1979) Mineralogy of manganese dendrites and coatings. American Mineralogist, 64 (11-12). pp. 1219–1226
- ^ Mn dendrites on Mindat
- S2CID 240486296.
- PMID 26922901.
- ^ Calvert, J. B. (24 January 2003). "Chromium and Manganese". Archived from the original on 31 December 2016.
public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Pyrolusite". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 693.
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