Qingyuan Circuit
Qingyuan Circuit Pinghai Circuit 清源軍 平海軍 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 949–978 | |||||||||
Northern Song (960 - 978) | |||||||||
| Capital | Quan Prefecture (Quanzhou) | ||||||||
| Common languages | Middle Chinese Medieval Min Chinese | ||||||||
| Jiedushi | |||||||||
• 949 - 962 | Liu Congxiao (Prince of Jinjiang) | ||||||||
• 962 | Liu Shaozi (Liuhou, namely acting Jiedushi) | ||||||||
• 962 - 963 | Zhang Hansi (Liuhou) | ||||||||
• 963 - 978 | Chen Hongjin | ||||||||
| Historical era | Northern Song established Pinghai Circuit | 9 March 964 | |||||||
| surrendered to Northern Song | 3 June 978 | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
• Total | 36,000 km2 (14,000 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 978 estimate | 800,000[1] | ||||||||
| Currency | Tangguo Tongbao Kaiyuan Tongbao Zhouyuan Tongbao | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of |  PRC ROC | ||||||||
Qingyuan Circuit (
Xinluo and Zhangping). Prefectures in de facto independence from the Southern Tang state.[2] (Zhang Prefecture was, at times during the circuit's existence, also known as Nan Prefecture (南州).[3] Starting in 960, in addition to being nominally submissive to Southern Tang, the Qingyuan Circuit was also nominally submissive to the Song, which had itself become Southern Tang's nominal suzerain.[4]
After demise of Congxiao, the circuit was briefly ruled by his biological nephew/adoptive son Liu Shaozi, who was then overthrown by the officers Zhang Hansi and Chen Hongjin. Zhang then ruled the circuit briefly, before Chen deposed him and took over.[3] In 978, with Song's determination to unify China proper without the pre-ceded sixteen prefectures in full order, Chen decided that he could not stay de facto independent, and offered the control of the circuit to Song's Emperor Taizong, ending the circuit as a de facto independent entity.[5]
Rulers
- Liu Congxiao 949–962 (in control of Quan Prefecture since 946, in de facto independence since 947)
- Liu Shaozi 962
- Zhang Hansi 962–963
- Chen Hongjin 963–978
See also
Notes and references
- ^ 《福建历代人口论考》，陈景盛，福建人民出版社，1991年8月
- ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 288.
- ^ History of Song, vol. 483.
- ^ Xu Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 1.
- ^ Xu Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 9.
External links
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