RS-82 (rocket family)
RS-82 and RS-132 (Reaktivny Snaryad; Russian: Реактивный Снаряд; rocket-powered projectile) were unguided rockets used by Soviet military during World War II.
Development
Design work on RS-82 and RS-132 rockets began in the late 1920s, by the
Operational history
RS-82 officially entered service in 1937 and RS-132 in 1938.[5] The RS-82 missiles were carried by Polikarpov I-15, I-16 and I-153 fighter planes, the Polikarpov R-5 reconnaissance plane and the Ilyushin Il-2 close air support plane, while the heavier RS-132 missiles could be carried by bombers.[6] Many small ships of the Soviet Navy were also fitted with the RS-82 missile, including the MO-class small guard ship.[1]
The earliest known use by the
Like most unguided rockets, RS suffered from poor accuracy. Early testing demonstrated that, when fired from 500 m (1,640 ft), a mere 1.1% of 186 fired RS-82 hit a single tank and 3.7% hit a column of tanks. RS-132 accuracy was even worse, with no hits scored in 134 firings during one test. Combat accuracy was even worse, since the rockets were typically fired from even greater distances. The RS-82 could destroy a tank with a direct hit and the larger RS-132 could knock out a tank with a near miss.[9] Best results were usually attained when firing in salvos against large ground targets.
Almost every Soviet military aircraft of World War II was known to carry RS-82 and RS-132, often using field-made launchers. Some Ilyushin Il-2 were field-modified to carry up to 24 rockets although the added drag and the weight made this arrangement impractical. A total 12 million missiles of the RS-type were used by Soviet forces during World War II.[6]
RS-derived M-8 and M-13 rockets were used by the famous Katyusha rocket artillery.[10][6][9]
Variants
- RS-82 and RS-132 - earlier high-explosive warhead (HE-Frag)
- RBS-82 and RBS-132 - armor-piercing warhead (APHE)
- ROFS-82 and ROFS-132 - later high-explosive warhead (HE-Frag)
- M-8 - improved RS-82 with a much larger warhead (0.64 kg (1.4 lb) of explosives) and rocket motor for BM-8 Katyusha[10]
- M-13 - improved RS-132 with a much larger warhead (4.9 kg (10.8 lb) of explosives) and rocket motor for BM-13 Katyusha.[10]
Specifications (RS-82)
- Body diameter: 82 mm (3.2 in)
- Wingspan: 200 mm (8 in)
- Length: 600 mm (24 in)
- Weight: 6.8 kg (15 lb)
- Explosive weight: 0.45 kg (0.99 lb)[1]
- Fragmentation radius: 7 m (23 ft)
- Maximum speed: 340 m/s (1,115 ft/s)
- Range: 6.2 km (3.9 mi)
- Spread: 16 angular mil
Specifications (RS-132)
- Body diameter: 132 mm (5.2 in)
- Wingspan: 300 mm (11 in)
- Length: 845 mm (33 in)
- Weight: 23.0 kg (50 lb)
- Explosive weight: 0.9 kg (2 lb)
- Fragmentation radius: 10 m (33 ft)
- Maximum speed: 350 m/s (1,150 ft/s)
- Range: 7.1 km (4.4 mi)
- Spread: 16 angular mil
See also
- High Velocity Aircraft Rocket
- Le Prieur rocket
- List of aircraft weapons
- RP-3 – British 3 inch rocket, known as "60lb"
- Soviet rocketry
References
- ^ a b c d "Russian Rocket Projectiles – WWII". Weapons and Warfare. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
- ^ Siddiqi, Asif (2000). Challenge to Apollo : the Soviet Union and the space race, 1945-1974 (PDF). Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA History Div. p. 17. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
- ^ Zak, Anatoly. "Gas Dynamics Laboratory". Russian Space Web. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
- ^ Chertok, Boris (31 January 2005). Rockets and People (Volume 1 ed.). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. p. 165. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
- ^ "Terrible fighting machine with a gentle maiden name". National Technical University of Ukraine. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
- ^ a b c Zak, Anatoly. "History of the Rocket Research Institute, RNII". Russian Space Web. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
- ISBN 978-1-84603-981-2.
- ^ Aviation Museum (23 Feb 2021). "Unguided missile RS-82 (132)" (PDF).
- ^ a b Alway, Peter. Eighteen Rockets and Missiles of World War II. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
- ^ a b c "BM-13/8/31 Katyusha". World War II Database. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
Bibliography
- Gordon, Yefim (2004). Soviet/Russian Aircraft Weapons Since World War Two. Hinckley, England: Midland Publishing. ISBN 1-85780-188-1.