Red-headed trogon
Red-headed trogon | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Trogoniformes |
Family: | Trogonidae |
Genus: | Harpactes |
Species: | H. erythrocephalus
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Binomial name | |
Harpactes erythrocephalus (Gould, 1834)
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The red-headed trogon (Harpactes erythrocephalus) is a species of
Etymology
H. erythrocephalus comes from the Ancient Greek terms ἐρυθρός eruthros meaning red and κεφαλή, kephalē meaning head.
Description
The red-headed trogon is on average 34 cm (13 in) in length. The male has a red head and breast, a unique feature in the Trogon group. The female resembles the Diard's trogon without a speckled undertail.[2]
The head, neck and upper breast of an adult male is dull crimson. A narrow white band crosses the mid breast, underneath which the lower breast to abdomen is light red to pink. Pale red can be observed on the flanks whereas the
The head, neck and upper breast of an adult female are olive-brown. Just like the male, a narrow white band crosses the mid breast, underneath which the lower breast to abdomen is light red to pink. The mantle and back appear orange to brown in colour. The wings are
At the juvenile stage, the head, neck and upper-parts are buff brown, whereas the underparts appear buff white. No black tip on the narrower central tail feathers can be observed.[2]
Standard measurements
Male | Female | |
---|---|---|
Mass (g) | 85-110 | 76 |
Wing length (mm) | 144-156 | 140-156 |
Tail length (mm) | 154-185 | 160-192 |
Bill length (mm) | 19-21 | 19-21 |
Tarsal length (mm) | 16-18 | 16-18 |
Taxonomy
Trogon erythrocephalus was the
- Trogon flagrans proposed by Salomon Müller in 1836 was a dark red-headed trogon collected on Mount Singgalang in Sumatra, Indonesia.[4]
- Harpactes yamakanensis proposed by C. B. Rickett in 1899 was an olive-brown red-headed trogon collected near Yamakan in Fujian, China.[5]
- Harpactes hainanus proposed by Hainan Island.[6]
- Pyrotrogon erythrocephalus klossi proposed by Ko Chang Island, Thailand.[7]
- Pyrotrogon erythrocephalus annamensis proposed by Robinson and C. Boden Kloss in 1919 were an adult male and four female red-headed trogons with ochraceous brown back and rump that were collected in a hilly area in southern Vietnam at elevations of 910–2,290 m (3,000–7,500 ft).[8]
- Pyrotrogon erythrocephalus intermedius proposed by Norman Boyd Kinnear in 1925 were three specimens with a bright plumage that were collected in the Tonkin area.[9]
- Harpactes erythrocephalus rosa proposed by Erwin Stresemann in 1929 was a specimen collected in the mountains of northern Guangxi in China.[10]
- Harpactes erythrocephalus chaseni by Joseph Harvey Riley in 1934 were a male and female specimens from the Selangor in the Malay Peninsula.[11]
- Harpactes erythrocephalus helenae by Ernst Mayr in 1941 was a specimen from Myitkyina District in Myanmar.[12]
Distribution and habitat
The red-headed trogon is widely distributed from central Nepal, Southeast Asia, southern China to Sumatra.[1] It is uncommon to scarce in Nepal where habitat destruction most certainly explains a rapid decline in population numbers. It prefers upland forests and lives in dense
Behaviour and ecology
The red-headed trogon has often been observed perching on shaded branches waiting for prey, alone or in pairs. Its flight between trees is often sluggish and very low, only a few meters above the ground.[2] It is most active in the early morning hours and at night, when pursuing moths at the edges of forest clearings.[27] In central southern Thailand, it shares habitat with the Orange-breasted trogon (Harpactes oreskios). The two species often follow flocks of foraging birds taking advantage of the insects they flush out.[24] In most regions, it is sedentary, but also been observed to migrate between different elevations in northern and southern Laos.[20][17]
Calls
The male's call resembles that of the Eurasian golden oriole (Oriolus oriolus): a sequence of usually five to six, well-spaced mellow “tyaup” notes, repeated every minute.[17][28] Occasionally the male calls an extended “pluu-du” note marked by a significant terminal drop in pitch. The call is repeated every 3–6 seconds.[29]
Diet
The red-headed trogon feeds primarily on insects and their larvae, including green orthopterans, stick-insects, cicadas, millipedes, flies, beetles, centipedes, woodlice and moths. It also feeds on leaves and fruits.[17][30]
Reproduction
The red-headed trogon usually builds nests in a natural tree cavity 1.5 to 5 m (4 ft 11 in to 16 ft 5 in) above the ground. The entrance hole is generally wide, and occasionally, the mating pair excavates the entire nesting cavity. Sometimes, it uses old nesting holes of
References
- ^ . Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f Forshaw, J.M.; Gilbert, A.E. (2009). Trogons: A Natural History of the Trogonidae. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
- ^ Gould, J. (1834). "Mr. Gould exhibited an extensive series of Birds of the genus Trogon". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. II (16): 25–26.
- ^ Müller, S. (1836). "Aanteekeningen, over de natuurlijke gesteldheid van een gedeelte der westkust en binnenlanden van Sumatra". Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie. 2: 315–355.
- ^ Rickett, C.B. (1899). "Mr. Rickett sent the description of a new species of Trogon". Ibis. 7. 5 (17): 444.
- ^ Ogilvie-Grant, W.R. (1900). "Mr. W.R. Ogilvie-Grant described the following new species from the Five-finger Mountains, in the interior of Hainan, collected by the late Mr. John Whitehead37". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 10 (68): 36–37.
- ^ Robinson, H.C. (1915). "On Birds collected by Mr. C. Boden Kloss on the Coast and Islands of South-eastern Siam". Ibis. 10. 3 (4): 718–761.
- ^ Robinson, H.C. & Kloss, C.B. (1919). "On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China". Ibis. 11. 1 (3): 392–433.
- ^ Kinnear, N.B. (1925). "Description of new subspecies of (Tephrodornis gularis latouchei) and (Pyrotrogon erythrocephalus intermedius) from Tonkin". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 45 (297): 205–206.
- S2CID 44956396.
- ^ Riley, J.H. (1934). "One new genus and three new races of birds from the Malay region". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 47: 115–118.
- .
- ^ Inskipp, C.; Inskipp, T. (1984). A Guide to the Birds of Nepal. London: Croom Helm.
- ^ Grimmett, R.; Inskipp, C.; Inskipp, T. (1999). A Guide to the Birds of India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- ^ Robson, C. (2000). A Field Guide to the Birds of South-East Asia. London: New Holland Publishers.
- ^ MacKinnon, J.; Phillipps, K. (2000). A Field Guide to the Birds of China. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- ^ a b c d e f g del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A.; Sargatal, J.; Collar, N.J. (2001). Handbook of the Birds of the World (Volume 6. Mousebirds to Hornbills. Family Trogonidae (Trogons) ed.). Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 80–129.
- .
- ^ a b Smythies, B.E. (1986). The Birds of Burma (Third revised ed.). Liss, UK: Nimrod Press.
- ^ a b Duckworth, J.W. (1996). "Bird and mammal records from the Sangthong District, Vientiane Municipality, Laos, in 1996". Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society. 44: 217–242.
- ^ Duckworth, J.W.; Salter, R.E.; Khounboline, K. (1999). Wildlife in Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report. Vientiane, Laos: IUCN World Conservation Union, Wildlife Conservation Society, Centre for Protected Areas and Watershed Management.
- ^ Robson, C.R.; Eames, J.C.; Wolstencroft, J.A.; Nguyen, C.; Truong, V.L. (1989). "Recent records of birds from Vietnam". Forktail. 5: 71–97.
- S2CID 86756824.
- ^ a b McClure, H.E. (1974). "Some bionomics of the birds of Khao Yai National Park, Thailand". Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society. 25: 99–194.
- ^ Robson, C. (2002). Birds of Thailand. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
- ^ a b Wells, D.R. (1999). The Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula. Vol. 1. Non-passerines. London: Academic Press.
- ^ Robinson, H.C. (1928). The Birds of the Malay Peninsula. Vol. 2. The Birds of the Hill Stations. London: Witherby.
- ^ Ali, S.; Ripley, S.D. (1970). Handbook of the Birds of Pakistan and India. Vol. 4. Frogmouths to Pittas. Bombay: Oxford University Press.
- ^ Rasmussen, P.C.; Anderton, J.C. (2005). Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Vol. 2. Attributes and Status. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
- ^ Baker, E.C.S. (1927). The Fauna of British India. Vol. 4. Birds. London: Taylor and Francis.
- ^ .
- ^ Baker, E.C.S. (1934). The Nidification of Birds of the Indian Empire. Vol. 3. London: Taylor and Francis.
External links
- Media related to Harpactes erythrocephalus at Wikimedia Commons
- Data related to Harpactes erythrocephalus at Wikispecies