Red-tailed comet
Red-tailed comet | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Clade: | Strisores |
Order: | Apodiformes |
Family: | Trochilidae |
Tribe: | Lesbiini |
Genus: | Sappho Reichenbach, 1849 |
Species: | S. sparganurus
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Binomial name | |
Sappho sparganurus (Shaw, 1812)
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Distribution map | |
Synonyms | |
Trochilus sparganurus ( protonym )Sappho sparganura |
The red-tailed comet (Sappho sparganurus) is a medium-sized hummingbird belonging to tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae, the "coquettes".[3] It is found in Argentina and Bolivia and possibly Chile and Peru.[1]
Taxonomy and systematics
The red-tailed comet was
The red-tailed comet has two subspecies, the
In at least part of its range it is known in the local
Description
Male red-tailed comets are 19 to 20 cm (7.5 to 7.9 in) long including their 7 to 10 cm (2.8 to 3.9 in) tail. Females are 12 to 14 cm (4.7 to 5.5 in) long. The species weighs about 4 to 6.5 g (0.14 to 0.23 oz). Adult males of the nominate subspecies have a shining green head with a golden green or emerald green
Distribution and habitat
Sources do not agree on the red-tailed comet's range. According to the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society it is found only in Argentina and Brazil.[10] Other taxonomic systems and authors add to its range Chile[3][9], possibly Peru but not Chile[8], both Chile and Peru[11], or Peru and possibly Chile.[12] The sources also differ in the distributions of the two subspecies. The nominate subspecies is variously placed in northern Bolivia and possibly extreme southern Peru[8], in northern and central Bolivia[3][9], and in northern and central Bolivia and accidentally in southern Peru[11]. Subspecies S. s. sapho is variously placed in central Bolivia and northern and western Argentina[8], in southern Bolivia, northern and western Argentina, and east-central Chile[3][9], and from southern Bolivia to western Argentina and northern Chile[11].
The red-tailed comet inhabits arid montane scrublands on the eastern slope of the Andes and in
Behavior
Movement
The red-tailed comet is mostly a year-round resident but is known to make elevational movements in Bolivia.[8]
Feeding
The red-tailed comet feeds primarily on nectar and also includes small arthropods in its diet. It collects nectar both while hovering and while perched; it captures arthropods in flight and sometimes by gleaning them from vegetation.[8] Males defend flower patches as feeding territory.[9]
Breeding
The red-tailed comet's breeding season has not been fully defined. It is reported to span October to December in Argentina and seems to include April to June in Bolivia. As is true of all hummingbirds, the female makes the nest, incubates the eggs, and cares for nestlings. The nest is a bulky cup of moss, lichen, and amimal hair. It is usually placed in a niche on a rock wall but sometimes in a tree. The clutch size is two eggs. The incubation period is 19 to 20 days and fledging occurs 31 to 32 days after hatch.[8][9] One researcher documented a case in which a female began a second brood in a separate nest before its first brood fledged. It successfully raised all four young. The two nests were built near each other under the eave of a house.[13]
Vocalization
What is thought to be the red-tailed comet's song is "a short, rapid, jumbled chatter". It also makes an "unmelodic tjrrrt" and "rather harsh tsha or zack notes, which may be monotonously repeated at more than 1 s intervals".[8]
Status
The
Gallery
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Illustration from Kunstformen der Natur (1904)
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Sappho sparganurus. Museum specimen
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Museum specimen
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Museum specimen
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A male red-tailed comet in Cordoba, Argentina.
References
- ^ . Retrieved 9 April 2024.
- ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
- ^ Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2024). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List. v 14.1. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
- ^ Shaw, George (1812). General Zoology, or Systematic Natural History. Vol. 8, Part 1. London: Kearsley et al. p. 291, Plate 39.
- ^ Peters, James Lee, ed. (1945). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 5. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 116.
- ^ a b Cory, C.B. 1918. Catalogue of birds of the Americas. Field Museum Nat. History Publ., Zool. Ser., vol. 13, pt. 2, no. 1.
- ^ Reichenbach, Ludwig (1849). Avium Systema Naturale (in German). Dresden and Leipzig: Friedrich Hofmeister. Plate XL.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Schulenberg, T. S. and A. Jaramillo (2020). Red-tailed Comet (Sappho sparganurus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.retcom1.01 retrieved April 9, 2024
- ^ ISBN 978-0-06-228064-0.
- ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 4 March 2024. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved March 5, 2024
- ^ a b c Clements, J. F., P.C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2023. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2023. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved October 28, 2023
- ^ BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Sappho sparganurus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/red-tailed-comet-sappho-sparganurus on 09/04/2024.
- ^ Sferco, Guillermo (2018). "Alternate care of two nests by a Red-tailed Comet (Sappho sparganurus)". The Wilson Journal of Ornithology. 130 (1): 335–336.
Further reading
- del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International.
- Javier González Zapata: Sobre la presencia en Chile de Sappho sparganura sappho (Lesson) (Aves: Trochilidae). In: Boletín Ornitológico. Bd. 9, Nr. 1/2, 1977, S. 10–11
- Jon Fjeldså, Niels Krabbe: Birds of the High Andes: A Manual to the Birds of the Temperate Zone of the Andes and Patagonia, South America. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 1990, ISBN 87-88757-16-1.