Red Shirts (Mexico)
Red Shirts Camisas Rojas | |
---|---|
Tabasco, Mexico | |
Ideology | Communism Marxism[1][2][3][4][5] Leninism[6][7][8][9][10] Anti-clericalism Fascism (accused)[11] |
Political position | Far-left |
Colors | Black and red |
Anthem | The Internationale |
Party flag | |
The Red Shirts (
History
Apart from religion, the Red Shirts also attacked other things they considered detrimental to progress, most notably
Some scholars have argued that Garrido's authoritarian policies were more akin to European right-wing dictatorships,[21] though he wished to turn the traditionally conservative state of Tabasco into a socialist model and fought for socialist causes.[22][23][24] Tabasco has been called a "socialist tyranny" by Martin C. Needler, Dean of the School of International Studies at the University of the Pacific in California.[25] Garrido also invited the First Congress of Socialist Students to meet in the state of Tabasco and created a form of socialist education which he termed "Rationalist".[26][27]
The Red Shirts have been described as "shock troops of indoctrination for the intense campaign against 'God and religion.'"
Before society, before Comrade Tomas Garrido Canabal, and all present, we declare that we have united in matrimony by our express will[30]
And another two members sent out invitations:
J. Felix Gutierrez and Amalia Gonzalez have the honor to invite you to the civil and socialist matrimonial act, to take place at 21 o' clock the 17th of this month at 305 Gomez Farias Street. Please honor us...[30]
In 1934 Garrido was named secretary of Agriculture by the new president Lázaro Cárdenas, hoping to contain the Red Shirts that way. However, Garrido took the Red Shirts with him to Mexico City at the National Autonomous University of Mexico to intervene in student politics.[13]
Attacks
On December 30, 1934, approximately sixty Red Shirts from Tabasco, who had been organizing anti-religious demonstrations including the questioning of God's existence, were involved in a confrontation outside of San Juan Bautista church in Mexico City that killed five Catholics who were shot,[31] and one red shirt was beaten to death by the crowd.[32] The Cardenas government later arrested 62 red shirts for involvement in the attack, along with three Catholics for the lynching of the red shirt.[33][31][34]
In 1935, after he ordered his Red Shirts to kill Catholic activists in Mexico City who were seeking to return to Tabasco, Garrido was forced to step down and into exile in Costa Rica.[28][34] His paramilitary groups, including the Camisas Rojas, were subsequently disbanded.[34]
Media
The Red Shirts hunt for a priest from Concepción, Tabasco, in Graham Greene's 1940 novel The Power and the Glory.[35]
See also
- Camisas Doradas
- The Lawless Roads
General
- Gun politics in Mexico
References
- ^ World vision magazine, Volumes 10-11
- ^ National republic, Volumes 22-23
- ISBN 1405199032
- ^ Bennett, Charles. Tinder in Tabasco: a study of church growth in tropical Mexico.Eerdmans, 1968 (Original from University of Texas).
- ISBN 0-275-97831-1
- ^ World vision magazine, Volumes 10-11
- ^ National republic, Volumes 22-23
- ISBN 1405199032
- ^ Bennett, Charles. Tinder in Tabasco: a study of church growth in tropical Mexico.Eerdmans, 1968 (Original from University of Texas).
- ISBN 0-275-97831-1
- ^ Stan Ridgeway, "Monoculture, Monopoly, and the Mexican Revolution" Mexican Studies / Estudios Mexicanos 17.1 (Winter, 2001): 147.
- ISBN 9783700303398
- ^ a b c d Mabry, Donald J. Tomas Garrido Canabal Historical Text Archive (2001)
- ^ Kirshner, Alan M., A Setback to Tomas Garrido Canabal's Desire to Eliminate the Church in Mexico J. of Church and State (1971) 13 (3): 479-492.
- ^ Stan Ridgeway, "Monoculture, Monopoly, and the Mexican Revolution" Mexican Studies / Estudios Mexicanos 17.1 (Winter, 2001): 147.
- ^ World vision magazine, Volumes 10-11
- ^ National republic, Volumes 22-23
- ISBN 1405199032
- ^ Bennett, Charles. Tinder in Tabasco: a study of church growth in tropical Mexico.Eerdmans, 1968 (Original from University of Texas).
- ISBN 0-275-97831-1
- ISBN 0-8028-6584-4
- ISBN 0470614331
- ISBN 0199731985
- ISBN 0520031970
- ISBN 0275952517
- ISBN 0918954231"Tomas Garrido, always proud of the success his atheist teachers had achieved and desirous of winning student support for his political ambitions, invited the First Congress of Socialist Students to meet in Tabasco.", " Tomas Garrido termed this education "Rationalist," which in reality was a forerunner of the socialist education amended into Article III of the Constitution in 1934."
- ISBN 082632780X
- ^ a b Krauze, Enrique "The Troubling Roots of Mexico's Lopez Obrador: Tropical Messiah", The New Republic, June 19, 2006.
- ^ The Calles Presidency, 1924-28 Country Studies, Mexico, U.S. Library of Congress
- ^ a b Parsons, Rev. Fr. Wilfrid. Mexican Martyrdom. Kessinger Publishing, 1936, pp. 238, 239, 241, 243.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-520-34403-7.
- ^ Special Cable to THE NEW YORK TIMES (31 December 1934). "6 Killed, 30 Wounded in Mexico As Red Shirts Attack Catholics". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
- ^ "62 REDS ARE HELD IN MEXICAN KILLING". The New York Times. 1 January 1935. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
- ^ ISBN 978-607-16-7082-3.
- ISBN 9780140184990.