Rheda (mythology)

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In

days of the week) that refer to deities in the Anglo-Saxon calendar—the other two being Ēostermōnaþ and Mōdraniht
.

De temporum ratione

In chapter 15 of his work

De temporum ratione, Bede provides information about English months and celebrations. Bede records that Hrēþmōnaþ is analogous to March, and details that "Hrethmonath is named for their goddess Hretha, to whom they sacrificed at this time" (Rhed-monath a Dea illorum Rheda, cui in illo sacrificabant, nominatur…). Bede notes that Hrēþmōnaþ occurs between Solmōnaþ (February), so named due to the offerings of cakes to the gods during the month, and Ēostermōnaþ (April), named after the goddess Ēostre.[2]

Theories

19th-century scholar Jacob Grimm notes, while no other source mentions the goddesses Rheda and Ēostre, saddling Bede, a "father of the church, who everywhere keeps heathenism at a distance, and tells us less than he knows" with the invention of the goddesses Rheda and Ēostre would be uncritical, and that "there is nothing improbable in them, nay the first of them [Rheda] is justified by clear traces in the vocabularies of the German tribes." Grimm proposes a connection between *Hrēþe and the Old High German female personal name Hruada. Grimm theorizes that the Old High German form of the goddess name Rheda was *Hrouda.[3]

Roman god of the same month, Mars."[1] David Raoul Wilson comments that while "Bede gives us no clues as to the rituals involved during Rhedmonath and Eosturmonath, it is reasonable to assume that they related to the beginning of spring, the new growing season, and fertility."[4]

Modern influence

Appendix D of

Hobbits, based on what is known of the Anglo-Saxon calendar. Its third month is called "Rethe", modeled after Hrēþmōnaþ, projected into a Modern English spelling.[5]

Notes

  1. ^ a b Simek (2007:159).
  2. ^ English translation by Wallis (1999:53–54). Original Latin from Giles (1843:179).
  3. ^ Grimm (1882:288–290).
  4. ^ Wilson (1992:36).
  5. ^ Staver (2005:209).

References