Ridwan Pasha
Ridwan ibn Mustafa Ahmad ibn Ridwan | |
---|---|
In office Early 1560s – November 1564 | |
Monarch | Suleiman I |
Personal details | |
Died | 2 April 1585 Anatolia |
Resting place | Aleppo |
Relations | Ridwan dynasty |
Military service | |
Allegiance | Ottoman Empire |
Riḍwān ibn Muṣṭafā ibn ʿAbd al-Muʿīn Pasha (Turkish transliteration: Ridvan Pasha; died 2 April 1585) was a 16th-century Ottoman statesman. He served terms as governor of Gaza in the early 1560s and in 1570–1573, Yemen in 1564/65–1567, Habesh and Jeddah in 1573–1574 and Anatolia in 1582/83 until his death. During his term in Yemen, Ottoman authority largely collapsed. Ridwan Pasha was the progenitor of the Ridwan dynasty, which chose Gaza as its family headquarters, and where members of the dynasty ruled almost consecutively until 1690.
Biography
Early career
Ridwan was the son of
Governor of Yemen
In November 1564,
In 1565, Ridwan Pasha reached a deal with the Sublime Porte in which his trade of Yemeni spices through
As intended by Mahmud Pasha, the division of Yemen highly restricted Ridwan Pasha's personal financial ambitions because his rule was effectively limited to the fortresses of Sana'a and
Ridwan Pasha was dismissed from Yemen in April 1567,[2] and was replaced by Hasan Pasha.[10] His dismissal prompted him to head for Constantinople, capital of the empire, to argue his case with the Sublime Porte. He was consequently reprimanded and imprisoned. However, his incarceration was relatively short and he was pardoned in November 1567 when it was discovered that Mahmud Pasha had intercepted and concealed letters from Ridwan Pasha to the Sublime Porte, alerting the imperial authorities of the volatile situation in Yemen; Ottoman authority had largely collapsed in Yemen during Ridwan Pasha's governorship.[2] The concealed letters were discovered after Mahmud Pasha was assassinated in Egypt.[2]
Later career and death
In 1570/71, Ridwan Pasha was reappointed sanjak-bey of Gaza.[2] Ridwan Pasha was then appointed beylerbey of Habesh and Jeddah, which included parts of Abyssinia and Hejaz, in March 1573. He remained in Gaza for a few months after his reassignment to ensure that arrangements he made with the Sublime Porte regarding the transferring of tax revenues or grain harvests from Qasr Ibrim and its territories to Habesh Eyalet from Egypt Eyalet were confirmed. He demanded further concessions from the Sublime Porte to redirect grain harvests from Egypt to the coffers of Habesh's treasury in June 1574.[11] He was dismissed from Habesh in July 1574.[2]
Sometime following his dismissal from Habesh, he served terms as beylerbey of Diyarbakir and then
Legacy
Ridwan Pasha (or his kinsmen) evidently made
Notes
- ^ Coinciding with Ridwan Pasha's appointment to Yemen Eyalet, the province was divided into two separate administrative units, Tihama and Sana'a, with Ridwan Pasha being appointed to the latter.
References
- ^ a b c Watenpaugh 1990, p. 121.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Blackburn 1994, p. 521.
- ^ Ze'evi 1996, pp. 39–40.
- ^ a b c d e f g Ze'evi 1996, p. 40.
- ^ a b c Nahrawali, ed. Smith 2002, p. 202.
- ^ a b c Clark 2010, p. 16.
- ^ Clark 2010, pp. 15–16.
- ^ a b Hathaway 2003, p. 83.
- ^ a b Hathaway 2003, p. 84.
- ISBN 9789756782583.
- ISBN 9782724700787.
- ^ a b Watenpaugh 1999, p. 90.
- ^ Filiu 2014, p. 28.
Bibliography
- Blackburn, J. R. (1994). "Ridwan Pasha". In Gibb, Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen; Kramers, Johannes Hendrik; Lewis, Bernard; Pellat, Charles; Schacht, Joseph (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam: Volume 8, Parts139-140. Brill. ISBN 9789004095519.
- Clark, Victoria (2010). Yemen: Dancing on the Heads of Snakes. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300167344.
- Filiu, Jean-Pierre (2014). Gaza: A History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190201890.
- Hathaway, Jane (2003). Tale of Two Factions, A: Myth, Memory, and Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791486108.
- Nahrawali, Muhammad ibn Ahmad (2002). Smith, Clive (ed.). Lightning Over Yemen: A History of the Ottoman Campaign in Yemen, 1569–71. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 9781860648366.
- Watenpaugh, Heghnar (1999). The Image of an Ottoman City: Imperial Architecture and the Representation of Urban Life in Aleppo in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. University of California. ISBN 9004124543.
- Ze'evi, Dror (2012). An Ottoman century: the district of Jerusalem in the 1600s. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-2915-0.