Robert Bernays

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Robert Bernays
Frederick Montague
Personal details
Born
Robert Hamilton Bernays

(1902-05-06)6 May 1902
Died23 January 1945(1945-01-23) (aged 42)
Adriatic Sea
Cause of deathPlane crash
Political partyLiberal National
Other political
affiliations		Liberal Party
SpouseNancy Britton (m. 1942)
Children2
EducationWorcester College, Oxford

Robert Hamilton Bernays (6 May 1902 – 23 January 1945) was a Liberal Party and later Liberal National politician in the United Kingdom who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1931 to 1945.

Early life

Bernays was the third son and fourth and youngest child of Lillian Jane (Stephenson) Bernays and Stewart Frederick Lewis Bernays, a

German Jewish Professor Adolphus Bernays. He was educated at Rossall School and Worcester College, Oxford, where he was president of the Oxford Union in 1925. After university he became a journalist on The Daily News (which became the News Chronicle in 1930 after a series of newspaper mergers), and practised the profession until entering government, despite occasional clashes with his employers because of the independent line he took in the internal clashes among Liberal factions in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Finding himself dropped by the News Chronicle after it supplanted the Daily News in the summer of 1930, he travelled with the then leader of the Liberal Party in the House of Lords, Earl Beauchamp, to Australia, and thence, alone, to India. The result was his book about Mahatma Gandhi, Naked Fakir (1931; published as Naked Faquir in the United States
in 1932).

Early political career

He stood unsuccessfully for Parliament as a Liberal at

David Margesson);[1] but, following the positive reception afforded Naked Fakir, he was adopted as Liberal candidate for Bristol North – a seat once held by the distinguished Liberal Cabinet Minister Augustine Birrell – at the 1931 general election. He was elected with a majority of 13,214 over the incumbent, Labour MP Walter Ayles, who had twice won the seat, in 1923 and 1929, when the non-Labour vote was split between two other candidates. That there was no Conservative candidate, in an election that saw the Conservatives win 55% of the national vote, does much to explain the size of Bernays's majority; and this fact, coupled with Ayles's record of winning when he had two opponents rather than one – he lost to a single Liberal rival in both 1922 and 1924, while beating a Liberal and a Conservative in 1923 and a Liberal and an independent in 1929 – likewise explains why, throughout the period 1931–1935, one of Bernays's chief preoccupations was to ensure that the Conservatives should hold him in sufficiently high esteem to refrain from opposing him at the next election. (Writing to his married sister Lucy Brereton in July 1935, he commented that "my problem is not to capture the Liberal vote but to hold the Conservatives".)[2]

Bernays made a slow start in the House of Commons – his maiden speech was affected by the stammer which continued in debate (he preferred making prepared speeches rather than impromptu interventions because of it), and he was hors de combat for some time in 1932 after having his appendix removed.[3] That autumn, however, he visited Germany for the first time to observe political developments there; he subsequently developed an expert knowledge of the country and was a consistent and determined critic of the Nazis after their accession to power in early 1933. His account of his journalistic and political travels between 1930 and 1933, Special Correspondent, was published in 1934. During his visit to Nazi Germany he nearly secured an interview with Adolf Hitler before admitting to the Foreign Press Bureau chief Ernst Hanfstaengl that he was an MP for the Liberal Party led by the British Jewish politician Sir Herbert Samuel.[4]

When the official Liberal Party (the 'Samuelites', so named after party leader Herbert Samuel) left the

Sir Archibald Sinclair), and that it would be hard for him to advance in his political career as an independent Liberal; while as a Liberal National he would be eligible for office in the National Government without having to go the whole hog and become a Conservative (an option which, many entries in his diaries suggest, would have been not only politically but also personally repugnant to him). It may also have been connected with the tragic death of his mother Lillian, who, after a long period of depressive illness and voluntary residence in nursing homes, was found dead in the River Thames just before Christmas 1935. Bernays' sense that he needed to recover his psychological equilibrium and rebuild his career after his mother's death and the publicity it provoked is evident in his diary entries from early 1936.[10] (A coroner's inquest recorded an open verdict on Mrs Bernays, but suicide must have been suspected, at a time when the stigma attached to it could still be seriously damaging to any relative of the victim who was a public figure in Britain.) Bernays's father remarried in 1937; Bernays acted as his best man.[11]

In government

When

Katharine Tennant, whom Bernays himself had courted in the early 1930s)[12] may have helped to keep Bernays in his job after the Munich crisis that autumn, when Harold Nicolson and many of Bernays's other friends and associates thought he should have followed through on his earlier threats to resign because of the government's policy of appeasement of Hitler and the Nazis.[13] He moved in July 1939 to become Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport (under Euan Wallace), and held that post until he left government when Winston Churchill took over as Prime Minister in May 1940. (Although he was on friendly terms with Churchill during the 1930s and sometimes supported his attacks on the National Government over such matters as India,[14] their association seems not to have been close enough to keep him in office when it became necessary for Winston Churchill to find places in his war cabinet for members of the Labour Party.)[15]

He was also, especially after their ten-week trip to

Bristol East from 1918 to 1922). He had met Nancy shortly before the collapse of his relationship with actress Leonora Corbett.[19]
They had two sons.

War service

In the

Cassino Memorial in Italy, lists his rank as Lieutenant.[21] After he died in a plane crash in the Adriatic Sea in January 1945, while flying from Italy to Greece as part of a parliamentary delegation to visit British troops, no by-election was called, and the Bristol North seat remained vacant until the 1945 general election, when it was won by the Labour candidate William Coldrick
.

Bibliography

References

  1. ^ In 1938, during a dinner-party conversation with Bernays, Margesson admitted that he might have lost the election but for this "miracle": see Nick Smart, ed. The Diaries and Letters of Robert Bernays, 1932–1939: An Insider's Account of the House of Commons (Lewiston/Queenston/Lampeter: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1996), p. 377
  2. ^ Diaries and Letters, p. 210
  3. ^ Diaries and Letters, p.xxvi-xxvii
  4. OCLC 1042099346
    .
  5. ^ Diaries and Letters p. 147
  6. ^ Diaries and Letters, p. 167
  7. ^ Diaries and Letters, p. 186
  8. ^ Diaries and Letters, p. 259
  9. ^ Diaries and Letters, pp. 229–30
  10. ^ Diaries and Letters, p. 237
  11. ^ Diaries and Letters, p. 307.
  12. ^ Diaries and Letters, p. 114. A letter from Bernays to Lucy Brereton, written after he stayed with the Elliots in August 1938, suggests that he may have come to feel that he had dodged the proverbial bullet: Diaries and Letters, p. 367. Yet Tennant (by then long widowed, Elliot having died in 1958) and Bernays' own widow Nancy were on friendly terms in their old age; in 1986 the diarist James Lees-Milne, a longtime friend of Nancy ("Nan"), lunched with them both (James Lees-Milne, Beneath A Waning Moon, London: John Murray, 2003, p. 79).
  13. ^ Diaries and Letters, pp. 298–99
  14. ^ Diaries and Letters, p. 160
  15. ^ Diaries and Letters, pp.xiii-xiv
  16. ^ Diaries and Letters, pp. 292 and 317. N.b. that both these quotations are from letters to Bernays's sister Lucy, and both are made in the context of Bernays's – ultimately disastrous – infatuation with the actress Leonora Corbett.
  17. ^ Paula Byrne, "Sex scandal behind Brideshead Revisited", The Times (London), 9 August 2009
  18. ^ Diaries and Letters, p. 257
  19. ^ Diaries and Letters, pp. 320–21
  20. ^ Diaries and Letters, p.vii
  21. ^ CWGC entry
  22. ^ "Naked Fakir". 1931.
  23. ^ "Special Correspondent". 1934.

Further reading

External links

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Bristol North
1931–1945 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Health
1937–1939 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport
1939–1940 		Succeeded by
Frederick Montague
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