Robert Williams (English chemist)

Bob Williams MBE FRS
Born	(1926-02-25)25 February 1926 Wallasey, Cheshire, England
Died	21 March 2015(2015-03-21) (aged 89) Oxford, England
Alma mater	University of Oxford
Known for	Irving–Williams series
Spouse	Jelly Büchli ​ (m. 1952)​
Awards	Royal Medal
Scientific career
Fields	Chemistry Metalloenzymes[1]
Institutions	University of Oxford
Thesis	An investigation of the complex compounds of some metals (1950)
Doctoral advisor	Harry Irving[2]
Doctoral students	Peter Day[3] Carole Perry[4] Michael Thor Pope Tony Orchard Chris Dobson Rachel E. Klevit Stephen Mann

Robert Joseph Paton Williams MBE FRS^[5] (25 February 1926 – 21 March 2015^[6]) was an English chemist, an Emeritus Fellow at Wadham College, Oxford^[7] and an Emeritus Professor at the University of Oxford.^{[8][9][10][11]}

Education and early life

Robert Joseph Paton Williams was born on 25 February 1926 in Wallasey to Ernest Ivor Williams, a customs and excise officer at Liverpool, and Alice Williams (née Roberts), a milliner; he was the second of four children.

Williams failed to gain a scholarship to Wallasey Grammar School, having missed six months’ schooling with diphtheria, but his parents paid for him to attend. He went on to gain a place and be awarded a Postmastership^[12] to read chemistry at Merton College, Oxford in 1944. For his final undergraduate research year he worked with analytical chemist Harry Irving. This enabled him to establish an order of the relative stabilities of metal–organic complexes along the latter half of the transition series manganese through zinc.^[13] From these findings he saw a parallel with the selective uptake of metal ions by organisms.^[14]

Williams’s plan was to continue working with Irving for his DPhil, but he first visited the lab of Arne Tiselius at Uppsala University. He was impressed by what he saw there, and returned to Sweden after he gained his DPhil in 1950. During the longer stay he worked on protein purification and devised a method called gradient elution analysis.^[5]

Career and research

Williams then spent another period back at Merton, having won a junior

William's work in pure inorganic chemistry led to a two-volume textbook of inorganic chemistry, written with Courtenay Phillips,[16]^[17] He became increasingly interested in enzyme catalysis, and in particular the role of metal ions, as for example the role of copper in proteins.^[18] He and Bert Vallee proposed of the concept of the entatic state whereby atoms and groups in enzyme active sites are maintained by binding to the apoenzyme in positions and states appropriate to catalyse reactions.^[19]

In the first paper ever published in the Journal of Theoretical Biology Williams argued that spatial separation of the H⁺ and OH^– ions produced in the conversion of ATP to ADP would be necessary for the catalysis.^[20] In the same year Peter Mitchell proposed a similar idea in the form of the chemiosmotic hypothesis.^[21] In a special issue of the Journal of Theoretical Biology in celebration of 50 years of its existence Williams described the correspondence between Mitchell and himself.^[22]

Williams contributed to understanding of the distribution of the chemical elements in living organisms and in collaborationwith João J. R. Fraústo da Silva he wrote three books in this area,^[23][24][25] as well as a book with Rosalind Rickaby^[26] on geological aspects of life.

Williams retired in 1991 and devoted much of his retirement to the writing of the books mentioned.

Awards and honours

Williams was appointed

While he was in Uppsala Williams met Jelly Klara Büchli, a Dutch student from Groningen. They married in 1952 and then lived in Oxford. Jelly read English language and literature at St Hilda's College, Oxford between 1952 and 1955, but the birth of their first son, Timothy Ivor, interrupted her final exams. A second son, John M, was born in 1957. In 1981 Jelly published A Dutch Reader.^[29]

Bob Williams died in the John Radcliffe Hospital on 21 March 2015.

References