Romuald Giedroyć
Romuald Giedroyć | |
---|---|
Born | Babtinas , Grand Duchy of Lithuania | 7 February 1750
Died | 15 October 1824 Warsaw, Congress Poland | (aged 74)
Allegiance |
|
Service/ |
|
Years of service | 1765–1794, 1812–1813 |
Rank |
|
Unit |
|
Battles/wars | |
Awards | Order of Saint Stanislaus (1790)[2] |
Romuald Giedroyć (
Biography
He came from a Lithuanian princely family. His father was Józef Giedroyć, starosta of Bernatowszczyzna , his mother was Józefa Kiełpsz. He was born on 7 February 1750 in Babtinas .
Bar Confederation
From 1765, he was in the
After a long recovery he became vice-commander of the 1st Lithuanian National Cavalry Brigade in 1778.[5][6] In 1784 he was delegate to the Grodno Sejm.[3][4]
War of 1792
Giedroyć fought in the
Uprising of 1794
In 1794, he was one of the organizers of the
From June to August, he commanded the Samogitian Division's right wing.[2] Together with Tomasz Wawrzecki, they took over Liepāja.[3] In July, Giedroyć took over Salistrovski's command of a corps, and on July 3, fought with the Imperial Russian Army near Pušalotas.[3] A week later, on July 10, the Russians attacked him once more.[3] After a fortnight and a few more days, on July 28, Giedraitis won a battle near Vaiškai.[3][5] On July 29, he won the battle of Sałaty.[2][4] In the battle, he dealt a heavy defeat to the stronger Russian unit of Lieutenant General Sergei Fedorovich Golitsyn .[7] Thanks to this victory, southern Courland came under the control of the insurrectionary forces.[7] Tadeusz Kościuszko promoted him to the rank of Lieutenant general.[4] Moreover, Kościuszko gave Giedroyć the permission to raise a regiment named Sałaty.[4] Following the victorious fight on July 29, he went towards Johaniszkiele.[3]
On 8 September 1794, he took over the command of the Lithuanian army in the Kościuszko Uprising from Antoni Chlewiński.[3] At the time, he marched to Orany.[3] From there, he retreated towards the Kingdom of Poland.[3] On November 3, near Stara Wieś, he joined Jan Henryk Dąbrowski.[3] At the time, Romuald Giedroyć had 2,000 infantrymen, 700 cavalrymen and 17 cannons under his command.[3] On November 4, already after the battle of Praga, he was recalled to Warsaw.[3] However, on November 5, he stopped near Tarczyn, and received Wawrzecki on November 10, who was retreating from Warsaw.[3] After his soldiers began dispersing, Giedroyć and others surrendered to the Russians at Radoszyce, being the last of the rebels to surrender.[3]
From 1795 to 1812
After the uprising's defeat, he emigrated to
Napoleon's Invasion of Russia
During French invasion of Russia in 1812, the day after Napoleon entered Vilnius, on 29 June 1812, an act of renewal of the Polish-Lithuanian Union was proclaimed at Vilnius Cathedral on the initiative of university students. In the following days, this act was signed by several thousand people, and the signatures were collected at the home of Romuald Giedroyć.[10] Later he was made Chairman of the Military Committee of the Lithuanian Provisional Governing Commission.[2] He was also the Inspector General of the Lithuanian regiments and Pospolite ruszenie formed for Napoleon's army.[2][3][9][11]
On 31 August 1812, General
War of the Sixth Coalition
During Napoleon's retreat, Giedroyć crossed the
He was part of the Army of Congress Poland with the rank of the Imperial Russian Divisional General.[2][3] He was a member of the military committee charged with the army's organisation.[3][4]
Family
Romuald Giedroyć married Karolina Anna Borzymowska (1766-1858), their children were:[13]
- Ludwik Jerzy (born 1785)
- Stefan Józef Franciszek Ksawery Giedroyć (1787-1855), Colonel of the French Army (1808-1815), fought in the Battle of Waterloo. He received French citizenship in 1835, as Joseph Étienne François Xavier, prince Giedroyc.[14] He married Franciszka Szymańska in 1821.
- Kunegunda Franciszka Róża Giedroyć (1793-1883), Elizabeth Alexeievna. She married Jerzy Białopiotrowicz (1785-1871) in 1825.
- Barbara Łucja Giedroyć (1798-1886), wife of general Józef Rautenstrauch (1773-1842) from 1828
- Aleksander Konstanty Julian Giedroyć (1805-1844), Kammerherrof the Imperial Russian palaces. He married Alina Aleksandra Podoska in 1841
Commemoration
On 30 April 2004, the General Romualdas Giedraitis Artillery Battalion of the Lithuanian Armed Forces was given the name of General Romuald Giedroyć.
References
- ISBN 978-609-412-056-5.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Jasas 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Ivinskis & Biržiška 1956, p. 218.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Michaud 1838, p. 322.
- ^ a b c d e f g Daugirdas 2021.
- ^ Mościcki 1958, p. 432.
- ^ a b "Powstanie kościuszkowskie (12.03.1794 - 16.11.1794)". www.muzeumwp.pl (in Polish). Polish Army Museum.
- ^ Mościcki 1958, p. 433.
- ^ a b Judycki & Judycki 2021, p. 23.
- ^ Nawrot 2008, p. 265.
- ^ Jasas 2004, p. 639.
- ^ a b "Epoka napoleońska lata 1796-1815". www.muzeumwp.pl (in Polish). Polish Army Museum.
- ^ Romuald Tadeusz ks. Giedrojć h. wł. in M.J. Minakowski: Wielka Genealogia Minakowskiego
- ^ Stefan Józef Franciszek h. wł. in M.J. Minakowski: Wielka Genealogia Minakowskiego
Sources
- Ivinskis, Zenonas; Biržiška, Vaclovas (1956). "Romualdas Giedraitis". Lietuvių Enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Vol. 7. United States of America.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Daugirdas, A. (2021). "Divizijos Generolas Kunigaikštis Romualdas Gedraitis" (in Lithuanian). Archived from the original on 9 October 2021.
- Jasas, Rimantas (2004). "Romualdas Giedraitis (1750)". Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas.
- Jasas, Rimantas (2021). "Romualdas Giedraitis". Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras. Archived from the originalon 8 October 2021.
- Michaud, Louis Gabriel (1838). "Giedroyc". Biographie universelle, ancienne et moderne (in French). Vol. 65. Paris: Imprimerie de Paul Dupont et Cie. p. 322.
- Mościcki, Henryk (1958). "Romuald Tadeusz Giedroyć". Polski Słownik Biograficzny (in Polish). Vol. 7. Wrocław. pp. 432–433.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Judycki, Zbigniew; Judycki, Maksymilian (2021). Polacy w Armii Napoleona - Słownik Biograficzny Dowódców (PDF). Warsaw. ISBN 978-83-66640-51-1.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - Nawrot, Dariusz (2008). Litwa i Napoleon w 1812 roku. Katowice. ISBN 9788322617489.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link