Rotated letter

In the days of printing with metal

.

In the eighteenth-century Caslon metal fonts, the British pound sign (£) was set with a rotated italic uppercase J.^[1]

Unicode support

The following rotated (turned) letters have

unless otherwise indicated.

Latin

In this table, parentheses mark letters that stand in for themselves or for another. For instance, a rotated 'b' would be a 'q', and indeed some physical typefaces didn't bother with distinct sorts for lowercase b/q, d/p, or n/u; while a rotated 's' would be itself. Long s with a combining dot below, ⟨ſ̣⟩, can stand in for a rotated j.

(

that would not be very distinct from the turned lower case letter, though they are possible: turned small cap c is supported, for example: ⟨ᴐ⟩).

The Fraser script creates a number of duplicates of the rotated capitals.

Latin rotated letters

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	O	P	Q	R	S	T	U	V	W	X	Y	Z
Rotated minuscule	ɐ·ɒ	(q)	ɔ	(p)	ə·ǝ	ɟ[2]	ᵷ·ɓ	ɥ	ᴉ	(ſ̣)	ʞ	ꞁ	ɯ	(u)	(o)	(d)	(b)	ɹ	(s)	ʇ	(n)	ʌ	ʍ	(x)	ʎ	(z)
Rotated small cap			ᴐ		ⱻ	ⅎ	𝼂	(ʜ)	(ɪ)	ɾ[2]	𝼐		ꟺ[a]	(ɴ)	(ᴏ)			ᴚ	(ꜱ)			–	–	–		(ᴢ)
Rotated capital	Ɐ		Ɔ		Ǝ	Ⅎ	⅁	(H)	(I)		Ʞ	Ꞁ·⅂	ꟽ[b]	(N)	(O)	Ԁ			(S)	Ʇ	Ո	Ʌ		(X)	Ꟛ·⅄	(Z)
Fraser	ꓯ	ꓭ	ꓛ	ꓷ	ꓱ	ꓞ	ꓨ	(ꓧ)	(ꓲ)	ꓩ	ꓘ	ꓶ	–	(ꓠ)	(ꓳ)	ꓒ	–	ꓤ	(ꓢ)	ꓕ	ꓵ	ꓥ	–	(ꓫ)	𑾰	(ꓜ)

The Unicode characters ⅁, ⅂, ⅄ are specified as sans-serif. A normal turned Y, ⟨Ꟛ⟩, has been accepted for Unicode 16. Additional small cap forms are found in the literature (e.g. turned ᴀ ʟ ᴜ), but are not supported as of Unicode 15.

Other rotated letters include the digraphs ᴂ and ᴔ. The "rotated" capital Q in Unicode is only turned 90 degrees: ℺.

Greek and Cyrillic

Many of the few rotated Greek letters are intended for mathematical notation. In this table, an en dash is used to mark Greek and Cyrillic letters that are not distinct from a Latin letter. Reversed L, ⟨⅃⟩, can stand in for a rotated gamma Γ, though Unicode defines it as sans serif.

Greek rotated letters

	Α	Β	Γ	Δ	Ε	Ζ	Η	Θ	Ι	Κ	Λ	Μ	Ν	Ξ	Ο	Π	Ρ	Σ	Τ	Υ	Φ	Χ	Ψ	Ω
Rotated minuscule				ƍ	ᴈ·϶			(θ)	℩						(ο)							(χ)
Rotated capital	–	–	(⅃)	∇	–	(Ζ)	(Η)	(Θ)	(Ι)	–	–	–	(Ν)	(Ξ)	(Ο)	⨿	–		–		(Φ)	(Χ)		℧

Cyrillic rotated letters

	А	Б	В	Г	Д	Е	Ж	З	И	Й	К	Л	М	Н	О	П	Р	С	Т	У	Ф	Х	Ц	Ч	Ш	Щ	Ъ	Ы	Ь	Э	Ю	Я
Rotated minuscule	–					ә	(ж)	ɛ	(и)	и̯				(н)	(о)		ԁ	–		–	(ф)	(х)			ᲅ					є	ꙕ	ʁ[c]
Rotated capital	–		–	(⅃)		–	(Ж)	Ɛ	(И)	И̯	–		–	(Н)	(О)	⨿	Ԁ	–	–		(Ф)	(Х)		Һ						Є	Ꙕ

⟨

.

In some fonts, an allograph of

displays as turned Σ.

In addition, the horseshoe ʊ ᶷ of the IPA has allographs that are a turned small-capital Ω.

Other

Other rotated symbols include

.

The turned comma or inverted comma (‘) is, as its name suggests, a rotated comma. This symbol is most commonly encountered as an opening single

Spanish uses the rotated punctuation marks ¡ (

inverted question mark

).

Reversed letters

In addition to turned letters, Unicode supports a few reversed (mirror-image) letters such as ɘ, Ƨ ƨ, Ƹ ƹ, ʕ, ᴎ, ᴙ, ꟻ, ⅃ and ꟼ; Cyrillic Ԑ ԑ (reversed З з) and Ꙡ ꙡ (as well as

Ꜫ ꜫ, which historically is a reversed three. Current IPA ɜ is officially a reversed rather than rotated ɛ; the older rotated ᴈ is now deprecated. Lower-case Ƌ is close to a reversed Cyrillic capital Б. Reversed k ɡ ŋ (𝼃 𝼁 𝼇) were added to the in 2015.

Notes

References