Ruwaym
Ruwaym | ||
|---|---|---|
| Personal | ||
| Born | Movement Sufism | |
| Tariqa | Malamatiyya | |
| Muslim leader | ||
Influenced by | ||
Influenced | ||
Abu Muhammad Ruwaym bin Ahmad was an early Muslim
Life
Ruwaym was an early teacher of Ibn Khafif, another famous mystic.[3] Ruwaym has been described as both being on poor terms with Ibn Khafif's other teacher, Junayd of Baghdad,[4] and with being a "friendly rival" and associate of Junayd's.[5][6] In addition to his students, Ruwaym was a devoted family man, an attachment to the material world which put him in contrast to many other Sufi mystics at his time.[7][8] Ruwaym spent some time as the deputy of the chief judge of Baghdad, his home town.[9]
Ruwaym died in the year 303 of the Islamic calendar,[10] corresponding to the year 915 on the Gregorian calendar.[11][12][13][14]
Views
One of the first practitioners of
In terms of Muslim
Works
Although Ruwaym was a Sufi, he was also critical of other practitioners due to perceived errors. His book Errors of the Ecstatics was a compilation of what he viewed as such errors.[21] He also warned Muslims from the mainstream against arguing with Sufis about metaphysical matters of which the mainstream had little knowledge, viewing that such a person would lose faith and that such matters should be left to experts in Sufism.[22][23]
Quotes
The following were recorded by Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi, translated by Arthur John Arberry:
- "Satisfaction is the anticipation of the decrees (of God) with joy." (Kalabadhi 93)
- "Poverty is the non-existence of every existent thing, and the abandonment of every lost thing." (Kalabadhi 86)
- "The meaning of repentance is, that thou shalt repent of repentance."[24] (Kalabadhi 83)
- The repentance of conversion is "that thou shouldst fear God because of the power He has over thee." (Kalabadhi 83)
- The repentance of repose is "that thou shouldst be ashamed before God because He is near thee." (Kalabadhi 83)
- "Sincerity is lifting one's regard from the deed." (Kalabadhi 90)
Commenting on the meaning of intimacy, Ruwaym observed: (Kalabadhi 99)
- Thy beauty is my heart's delight,
- And holds my mind unceasingly:
- Thy love hath set me in Thy sight,
- Estranged from all humanity.
- Thy recollection comes to me
- With friendly tidings from the Friend:
- "Behold, as He hath promised thee
- Thou shalt attain and gain thy end."
- Wherever Thou mayst chance to light,
- O Thou who are my soul's intent!
- Thou comest clearly to my sight,
- And in my heart art immanent.
- Thy beauty is my heart's delight,
Citations
- ^ Lloyd Ridgeon, Morals and Mysticism in Persian Sufism: A History of Sufi-Futuwwat in Iran, pg. 32. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge, 2010.
- ^ Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, translated by William McGuckin de Slane. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Sold by Institut de France and Royal Library of Belgium. Vol. 3, pg. 209.
- ^ a b Ignác Goldziher, The Zahiris, pg. 106. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 1971.
- ISBN 8176252662
- ^ John Renard, The A to Z of Sufism, pg. xxvi. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005.
- ^ a b Renard, pg. 205.
- ^ Annemarie Schimmel, Mystical Dimensions of Islam, pg. 59. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011.
- ^ "Culture and Learning in Islam," taken from The Different Aspects of Islamic Culture, vol. 5, pg. 438. Ed. Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu. Beirut: UNESCO, 2003.
- ^ Ahmet T. Karamustafa, Sufism: The Formative Period, pg. 22. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007.
- ^ Goldziher, pg. 105.
- ^ ISBN 0-87395-917-5
- ^ Jawid Ahmad Mojaddedi, The Biographical Tradition in Sufism: The Ṭabaqāt Genre from Al-Sulamī to Jāmī, pg. 95. Richmond: Curzon Press, 2001.
- ^ Karamustafa, pg. 21.
- ^ Franz Rosenthal, "Sweeter Than Hope": Complaint and Hope in Medieval Islam, pg. 56. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 1983.
- ^ Hanif, Introduction, pg. vii.
- ^ Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi, The Doctrine of Sufis: Translated from the Arabic of Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi, pg. 83. Trns. Arthur John Arberry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
- ^ Karamustafa, pg. 58.
- ^ Louis Massignon, The Passion of al-Hallaj: Mystic and Martyr of Islam. Trans. Herbert W. Mason. Pg. 148. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994.
- ^ Karamustafa, pg. 73.
- ISBN 9789004243101
- ^ Ernst, pg. 163.
- ^ Schimmel, pg. 235.
- Paulist Press, 1986.
- ^ See also Schimmel, pg. 110.
External links
- Biography of Ruwaym at the University of Georgia website