Sümi Naga
Sümi and other Naga languages | |
Religion | |
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Christianity | |
Related ethnic groups | |
other Naga people |
The Sümis are a major
They primarily inhabit the Zünheboto District, and in parts of Niuland District and Kiphire District.
Anthropological study of the Sümis is documented in the book The Sema Nagas by J. H. Hutton, who was a Professor of Social Anthropology in the University of Cambridge. The Sümi people are recognised as a Scheduled Tribe (STs) by India.[1]
Religion
The ancestral religion of the Sümis was the worship of nature. With the arrival of
Advent of Christianity
In November 1928, the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society (formerly, American Baptist Missionary Union) resolved to open a dedicated mission to work with the Sümis. Subsequently, the Sumi Baptist Association was founded in 1929 under the name of Sumi Baptist Akukuhou Kuqhakulu (Sumi Baptist Church Association, SBAK). In 1936, Reverend Anderson was assigned to supervise the mission. He was designated to build a mission centre at Aizuto near Lokobomi village. Anderson lived in the new centre only briefly from 1949 to 1950. He was soon replaced by Reverend Delano who became the first Christian missionary to live permanently among the Sümis. Delano lived in the mission from 1949 to 1955 until his family and he were asked to leave by the Indian government who expelled all the missionaries from the Naga Hills.[2]
Distribution
Sümi Nagas can be primarily found inhabiting the
Festivals
The Sümis celebrate many festivals which have been carried down from generations. Most of these festivals usually mark the beginning of new seasons, harvesting of new crops or victory at war. The two major festivals that are currently popular among them are:
Tülüni
Tülüni (July 8) is a festival of great significance for the Sümis. This festival is marked with feasts as the occasion occurs in the bountiful season of the year. Drinking
During this festival, the betrothed exchange basketful of gifts with meals. The fiance is invited to a grand dinner at the fiancee's residence. Even siblings of the families of both the bride and groom exchange dinner and packed food and meats - wrapped the traditional way in plantain leaves. It was a time of joy even for servants and housekeepers in the olden days. On this day they were fed extra generously with good food and meat.
The practice of working in groups is common for the Sümi agriculture farmers, and Tülüni is a special time for them because they get to rest and celebrate the completion of a farming season of hard work in their paddy fields. For this festival, the farmer groups (also called Aloji) pool in money or other resources together to exchange/buy pigs and cows to be slaughtered for the special day. The meat is equally divided among themselves and some portion is kept aside for the group feast. In the midst of the feast, group leaders get extra offers of meat by way of feeding them by others. Each working group consists of 20 to 30 in number which includes several women, too. The new recruits are also made to join the group at this grand feast.
The betrothed are settled at this period. The fervours of the feast is synchronised with a chain of folk songs and ballads. In modern times, friends and members from other
By virtue of two separate clans the gennas and rituals differ between Sümi and Tukumi. Among all other festivals and gennas. Sumis, in general, accept the festival of Tülüni as the most grand and important one.
Ahuna
Ahuna (14 November) is a traditional post-harvest festival of the Sümis. Ahuna signifies the celebration of the season's harvest in Thanksgiving, while invoking the spirit of good fortune in the New Year. On this occasion, the entire community prepares and feasts on the first meal of rice drawn from the season's harvest cooked in bamboo segments. The receptacles for cooking or serving on this occasion are freshly made, curved or cut, from locally available resources prolific and abundant in the countryside.
Ahuna is celebrated on 13 and 14 November and now holds the status of the official festival of the Sümi Nagas because it falls in a dry season and accessibility for visitors in terms of road conditions are better. Tülüni is still the most respected festival for the local Sümi.
Notable people
- Dimapur-II Assembly constituency
- G. Kaito Aye, Cabinet Minister in Nagaland Legislative Assembly
- K. L. Chishi, Former Chief Minister of Nagaland
- Alobo Naga, Musician
- Hokishe Sema, (1921–2007), Former Chief Minister of Nagaland and Governor of Himachal Pradesh
- H. K. Sema, Former Supreme Court Judge
- Shikiho Sema, (1946–1998), Former Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
- Isak Chishi Swu, (1929–2016), Chairman of NSCN-IM
- Scato Swu, (1924–2014), Former Rajya Sabha Member of Parliament from Nagaland
- Kihoto Hollohon Yepthomi, (1932–2021), Politician
- Tokheho Yepthomi, Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
- Jacob Zhimomi, Minister in Nagaland Legislative Assembly
- H. Khekiho Zhimomi, (1946–2015), Former Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha
- Hekani Jakhalu Kense, Member of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly
- G. Kanato Chophy, Anthropologist
References
- ISBN 978-1405330954. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
- ISBN 978-1-108-78107-7, retrieved 9 February 2024
Bibliography/Further reading
- Discovery Channel India. (2017). Last Man Standing. [online] Available at: http://www.discoverychannel.co.in/tv-shows/last-man-standing/ [Accessed 27 May 2017].
- Jacobs, Julian (1999), "The Nagas: Hills People of Northeast India". London: Thames and Hudson.
- Jimomi, Inavi (2018), "SUMI NAGA: The Origin and Migration of the Sumi Naga", Dimapur, Heritage Publishing House, ISBN 978-93-87837-10-2
- Hutton. J. H (1921), "THE SEMA NAGAS", Great Britain, MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED ST/ MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON.