SMS Preussen (1873)
Preussen in 1887
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History | |
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Name | SMS Preussen |
Namesake | Prussia |
Builder | Stettin |
Laid down | 1871 |
Launched | 22 November 1873 |
Commissioned | 4 July 1876 |
Decommissioned | 1906 |
Fate | Scrapped 1919 |
General characteristics | |
Class and type | ironclad |
Displacement | |
Length | 96.59 m (316 ft 11 in) |
Beam | 16.30 m (53 ft 6 in) |
Draft | 7.11 m (23 ft 4 in) |
Installed power | |
Propulsion |
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Sail plan | Full-rigged ship |
Speed | 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph) |
Range | 1,690 nmi (3,130 km) at 10 kn (19 km/h) |
Complement |
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Armament |
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Armor |
SMS Preussen
Preussen served with the fleet from her commissioning until 1891, though she was frequently placed in reserve throughout her career. She cruised the
Design
The three Preussen-class ironclads were authorized under the naval program of 1867, which had been approved by the
The ship was 96.59 meters (316.9 ft)
She was armed with a
Preussen's armor was made of wrought iron and backed with teak. The armored belt was arrayed in two strakes. The upper strake was 203 mm (8 in) thick; the lower strake ranged in thickness from 102 to 229 mm (4 to 9 in). Both were backed with 234 to 260 mm (9.2 to 10.2 in) of teak. The gun turrets were protected by 203 to 254 mm (8 to 10 in) armor on the sides, backed by 260 mm of teak.[2]
Service history
Construction – 1878
Preussen was ordered by the Imperial Navy from the
After work on the ship was completed in late 1876, the ship began
In April 1878, Preussen participated in the fleet maneuvers, again under Batsch's command. By this time, she was joined by her two sister ships, Friedrich der Grosse and Grosser Kurfürst. The Ironclad Squadron was then to take a training cruise to the Mediterranean. After departing Germany on 29 May, the squadron proceeded through the English Channel, where the armored frigate König Wilhelm accidentally rammed Grosser Kurfürst; the latter quickly sank with the loss of 276 men. Preussen did not immediately begin rescue operations, and instead steered a wide circle before anchoring some 800 m (2,600 ft) away; she only picked up two men who had first been rescued by a British fishing trawler. Preussen then escorted the damaged König Wilhelm to Portsmouth, where the Royal Navy made available a dry dock for emergency repairs.[9][12]
Albrecht von Stosch, the chief of the Kaiserliche Marine, ordered Batsch and his staff to return to Germany immediately aboard Preussen, escorted by Falke. The ships got underway on 3 Juneand arrived in Wilhelmshaven two days later; from there, they proceeded to Kiel, where they arrived on 10 June. Preussen's commander came under criticism for his failure to assist in the rescue operations directly, but he defended himself by arguing that he had followed the relevant regulations and that he could not have brought his vessel closer owing to the number of smaller fishing vessels in the area. Stosch accepted the explanation, but an inquiry led by KAdm Reinhold von Werner came to the opposite conclusion, which became part of a major controversy in the German naval command and eventually resulted in Werner's forced retirement.[9][13]
The Mediterranean cruise was immediately cancelled, and within a week, the annual summer maneuvers for 1878 were also canceled. Preussen took on a contingent of
1879–1888
On 5 May 1879, the armored squadron was reactivated, composed of Preussen, her sister Friedrich der Grosse, and the old armored frigates Kronprinz and Friedrich Carl. The annual summer training cruise was primarily conducted just in the Baltic Sea, apart from a short voyage in June to the coast of Norway. During the cruise, the ships stopped in Russia, where they were met by
The summer cruise in 1881 followed the same pattern as the year previous.
1889–1919
The ship was recommissioned on 1 May 1889 to take part in the annual summer training program with the fleet. These included exercises that began on 1 July. In August, Preussen participated in Kaiser Wilhelm II's first visit to Great Britain. The ship was assigned to II Division, along with her sister Friedrich der Grosse and the central battery ironclads Kaiser and Deutschland, under command of KAdm Friedrich von Hollmann. The fleet then conducted maneuvers in the North Sea before returning to Germany. Preussen and the rest of II Division became the Training Squadron for the fleet in 1889–1890, the first year the Kaiserliche Marine maintained a year-round ironclad force. The squadron escorted Wilhelm II's imperial yacht to the Mediterranean; the voyage began on 30 August and included state visits to Italy and the Ottoman Empire. The squadron remained in the Mediterranean through the spring of 1890, when it returned to Germany. The ships arrived back in Germany on 22 April.[21][22]
Preussen returned to the Training Squadron, which was reorganized on 11 May. In June, she escorted the Kaiser on a state visit to
From 9 January to 11 July 1893, the ship was assigned to the Reserve Division of the North Sea.
Footnotes
Notes
Citations
- ^ Dodson, pp. 14, 20.
- ^ a b c Gröner, p. 5.
- ^ a b Gröner, pp. 5–6.
- ^ a b c d e Gröner, p. 6.
- ^ Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz, p. 244.
- ^ Sondhaus, p. 109.
- ^ Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz, pp. 244–245.
- ^ a b Lyon, p. 244.
- ^ a b c d e f g Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz, p. 245.
- ^ Sondhaus, p. 122.
- ^ Dodson, p. 25.
- ^ Sondhaus, pp. 124–126.
- ^ Sondhaus, pp. 129–130, 140.
- ^ a b Sondhaus, p. 140.
- ^ Dodson, p. 26–27.
- ^ Sondhaus, pp. 140–141.
- ^ Sondhaus, pp. 141–142, 161–163.
- ^ Dodson, p. 27.
- ^ Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz, pp. 245–246.
- ^ Dodson, p. 32.
- ^ Sondhaus, p. 179.
- ^ a b c Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz, p. 246.
- ^ Sondhaus, pp. 192, 194.
References
- ISBN 978-1-84832-229-5.
- ISBN 978-0-87021-790-6.
- Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert & Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993). Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe: Biographien – ein Spiegel der Marinegeschichte von 1815 bis zur Gegenwart [The German Warships: Biographies − A Reflection of Naval History from 1815 to the Present] (in German). Vol. 6. Ratingen: Mundus Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7822-0237-4.
- Lyon, Hugh (1979). "Germany". In Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger; Kolesnik, Eugene M. (eds.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. Greenwich: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-85177-133-5.
- Sondhaus, Lawrence (1997). Preparing for Weltpolitik: German Sea Power Before the Tirpitz Era. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-745-7.