Saissetia oleae
Saissetia oleae | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Hemiptera |
Suborder: | Sternorrhyncha |
Family: | Coccidae |
Genus: | Saissetia |
Species: | S. oleae
|
Binomial name | |
Saissetia oleae (Olivier, 1791)
| |
Synonyms | |
Coccus oleae Olivier, 1791 |
Saissetia oleae (
History
One of the first scientists who studied the insect in a scientific and modern way was Italian
Life cycle
The soft body of the adult female olive scale is concealed under a dark grey or brownish-black covering which grows and hardens over time. Male scales are not present in most regions and breeding is by parthenogenesis. The female is generally immobile and lays up to 2,500 eggs in batches. The eggs are retained under the scale and hatch into nymphs known as "crawlers". These are mobile, emerging from under the scale and dispersing to other parts of the plant. They moult twice before becoming adult, and all life stages of the insect feed by sucking the sap of the host plant.[5]
Distribution and hosts
Saissetia oleae may have originated in South Africa but has spread around the world and now has a global distribution. It has been recorded feeding on 113 species of plant in 49 families. As well as being a serious pest of olive, it is one of the most important pests of citrus especially in the Mediterranean area, California, Florida and South America.[6] The parasitic wasp Metaphycus helvolus is native to South Africa and has been introduced to California where it has dramatically reduced incidence of this scale in citrus orchards.[7]
References
- ^ www.agraria.org. "Entomologia agraria: Cocciniglia mezzo grano di pepe". www.agraria.org.
- ^ "Cocciniglia mezzo grano di pepe". agroambiente.info.arsia.toscana.it.
- ^ necrologio-giovene, pag. 44, nota 3
- .
- ^ Byron, Morgan A.; Gillett-Kaufman, Jennifer L. (February 2018). "Black scale". Featured Creatures. University of Florida. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ^ "Saissetia oleae (olive scale)". Invasive Species Compendium. CABI. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ^ Gill, Raymond J. (1997). "Soft Scale Insects their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control". World Crop Pests. Retrieved 11 October 2020.