San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico
Pʼohwhogeh Ówîngeh | |
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Tewa |
San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico | ||
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FIPS code 35-68010 | | |
GNIS feature ID | 0933092 | |
Website | www | |
San Ildefonso Pueblo | ||
Espanola, New Mexico | ||
Area | 46.8 acres (18.9 ha) | |
Built | 1591 | |
NRHP reference No. | 74001206[3] | |
NMSRCP No. | 230 | |
Significant dates | ||
Added to NRHP | June 20, 1974 | |
Designated NMSRCP | December 30, 1971 |
San Ildefonso Pueblo (
Geography
San Ildefonso is located at 35°53′52″N 106°7′19″W / 35.89778°N 106.12194°W (35.897902, -106.121834).[10]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the pueblo has a total area of 4.2 square miles (11 km2), of which 3.9 square miles (10 km2) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) (5.54%) is water.
San Ildefonso Pueblo is located at the foot of Black Mesa.
Demographics
As of the
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
2010 | 524 | — | |
2020 | 624 | 19.1% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[12][2] |
As of 2000, the median income for a household in San Ildefonso was $30,000, and the median income for a family was $30,972. Males had a median income of $19,792 versus $19,250 for females. The
History
The
The
Both the people and the lands of the Pueblo of San Ildefonso were affected by intrusion of Spanish colonists.[13] Due to these encroachments, by the 1760s some native families reported that they had no agricultural lands to support themselves.[13] Part of their lands were restored to San Ildefonso by a 1786 decision of Governor Juan Bautista de Anza.[13] Mexico took control of the area in 1821, and later the United States gained control in 1848 following the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Congress created the modern reservation in 1858 confirming a grant of 17,292 acres of land to the pueblo, and the grant was patented in 1864.[13]
By the time the land was patented under the laws of the United States in 1864, there were only 161 pueblo members left.
Politics
San Ildefonso is governed by a civil government consisting of an executive branch (the governor) and a legislative branch (the tribal council).[15]
The pueblo has experienced political controversy in recent years with significant appeals to the Bureau of Indian Affairs. In 2011, former pueblo Lt. Governor Paul D. Rainbird was sentenced to 33 months on federal charges of illegal trafficking in contraband cigarettes.[16] In 2012, the Interior Board of Indian Appeals vacated BIA decisions to acknowledge the results of an election for Governor of the Pueblo of San Ildefonso for the 2008/09 term which had resulted in the governorship of Leon Roybal.[17]
In 2012, the Pueblo adopted a new constitution through general election overseen by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. One of the results of the new constitution is that, for the first time, women are allowed to run for tribal council positions.[18][19] To date, there is no publicly available copy of the newly adopted constitution.[20] The 1996 San Ildefonso Code is the most recent available copy of local laws governing the pueblo.[21]
Economic development
The San Ildefonso Pueblo Enterprise Corporation (SIPEC) is a federally chartered Section 17 Corporation which is wholly owned by the Pueblo de San Ildefonso.[22] SIPEC is charged with working with companies and individuals who share a vision of utilizing the Pueblo's strategic location for fostering economic and job growth for the Pueblo de San Ildefonso.
Education
It is zoned to Pojoaque Valley Public Schools.[23] Pojoaque Valley High School is the zoned comprehensive high school.
The Bureau of Indian Education operates the San Ildefonso Day School, an elementary school, in the pueblo.[24]
Culture
The people of San Ildefonso have a strong sense of identity and retain ancient ceremonies and rituals tenaciously, as well as tribal dances.[4] While many of these ceremonies and rituals are closely guarded, San Ildefonso Feast Day is open to the public every January 23.[25] Other dances open to the public include Corn Dance, which occurs in the early to mid-part of September, and dances at Easter.[26]
There was an art movement called the
Notable people
- Alfred Aguilar (b. 1933), painter and ceramicist
- José Angela "Joe" Aguilar (b. 1898), potter and painter
- José Vicente Aguilar (b. 1924), painter
- Clara Archilta (1912–1994), watercolor painter and beadworker
- Gilbert Benjamin Atencio (1930–1995), painter
- Awa Tsireh a.k.a. Alfonso Roybal (1898–1955), watercolor artist
- Crucita Calabaza also known as Blue Corn (1921-1999), pottery artist
- Joe Herrera (1923–2001), painter
- Edgar Lee Hewett (1865–1946), anthropologist, instrumental to the development of the San Ildefonso Self Taught Group
- Manuel Lujan (1928 - 2019), member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1969 - 1989), United States Secretary of Interior(1989 - 1993)
- Julian Martinez (1879–1943), pottery artist
- Maria Martinez (1887–1980), pottery artist
- Jose Encarnacion Peña (1902–1979), painter
- Tonita Peña (1893–1949), watercolor artist
- Oqwa Pi (also known as Abel Sanchez; 1899–1971), painter, watercolorist, muralist
- Josefa Roybal, painter, potter[28]
- Martina Vigil-Montoya (1856–1916), ceramics painter
Gallery
See also
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Santa Fe County, New Mexico
- Tsankawi cliff dwellings
- Tsirege archaeological site
References
- ^ "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
- ^ a b "Census Population API". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
- ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
- ^ a b "San Ildefonso Pueblo". Indian Pueblo Cultural Center. Archived from the original on April 13, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
- ^
Burns, Patrick (2001). In the Shadow of Los Alamos: Selected Writings of Edith Warner. Albuquerque: U. New Mexico Press. p. 26. ISBN 0-8263-1974-2.
- ^ "Southwest Region - Tribes Served". U.S. Department of the Interior | Bureau of Indian Affairs. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search". 2010.census.gov. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ "San Ildefonso Pueblo". New Mexico Tourism Department. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ^ "BIA Southern Plains Regional Office". U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived from the original on 7 March 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e "San Ildefonso Pueblo -- Spanish Colonial Missions of the Southwest Travel Itinerary". National Park Service. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b "New Mexico: San Ildefonso". Partnership with Native Americans.
- ^ "San Ildefonso Official Website". Retrieved November 5, 2014.
- ^ "Tribal Justice News". United States Department of Justice. October 21, 2011.
- ^ "Pueblo de San Ildefonso Council of Principally v. Acting Southwest Regional Director, Bureau of Indian Affairs" (PDF). 54 IBIA 253 (02/13/2012). Interior Board of Indian Appeals. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
- ^ "Women Vote In Pueblo Election For First Time". KOAT-TV. Archived from the original on January 28, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
- Santa Fe New Mexican. Archived from the originalon September 11, 2012. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ "San Ildefonso Pueblo Laws and Code". National Indian Law Library.
- ^ "San Ildefonso Code of 1996". National Indian Law Library.
- ^ "San Ildefonso Pueblo Enterprise Corporation". Archived from the original on September 10, 2012. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
- U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 30, 2021.
- ^ "San Ildefonso Day School". Bureau of Indian Education. Retrieved March 16, 2023.
- ^ "Feast Days". Indian Pueblo Cultural Center. Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
- ^ "Dances & Events at New Mexico's Native Communities". New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
- ^ Wander, Robin (February 22, 2012). "Highlights from Stanford's Native American paintings collection are showcased in Memory and Markets: Pueblo Painting in the Early 20th Century". Stanford News. Stanford University, Cantor Arts Center. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
- ^ "Josefa Roybal". Smithsonian American Art Museum. Retrieved June 5, 2021.