San Miniato
San Miniato | |
---|---|
Città di San Miniato | |
Motto(s): Sic nos in sceptra reponis So you bring us back to power | |
UTC+2 (CEST) | |
Postal code | 56027 |
Dialing code | 0571 |
Patron saint | St. Genesius |
Saint day | 25 August |
Website | Official website |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/San_Miniato_-_la_rocca.jpg/250px-San_Miniato_-_la_rocca.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Toscana_SMiniato1_tango7174.jpg/250px-Toscana_SMiniato1_tango7174.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Interior%2C_church_of_San_Domenico%2C_San_Miniato.jpg/220px-Interior%2C_church_of_San_Domenico%2C_San_Miniato.jpg)
San Miniato is a town and comune in the province of Pisa, in the region of Tuscany, Italy.
San Miniato sits at an historically strategic location atop three small hills where it dominates the lower Arno valley, between the valleys of Egola and Elsa rivers. It used to carry the additional sobriquet al Tedesco ("to the German") to distinguish it from the convent of San Miniato al Monte in Florence, which is about 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the northeast.
History
In medieval times, San Miniato was on the via Francigena, which was the main connecting route between northern Europe and Rome. It also sits at the intersection of the Florence-Pisa and the Lucca-Siena roads. Over the centuries San Miniato was therefore exposed to a constant flow of friendly and hostile armies, traders in all manner of goods and services, and other travelers from near and far.
Archaeological evidence indicates that the site of the city and surrounding area has been settled since at least the
The first mention in historical documents is of a small village organized around a chapel dedicated to San Miniato built by the
The first walls, with defensive towers, were thrown up in the 12th century during the time that Italy was dominated by
During the latter years of the 13th century and the entire 14th century, San Miniato was drawn into the ongoing conflict between the
By 1347 San Miniato was under Florentine control, where it remained, but for a brief period from 1367-1370 when, instigated by Pisa, it rebelled against Florence, and for another brief period between 1777 and 1779 during the Napoleonic conquest. It was still part of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany when the Duchy was absorbed into the newly formed Kingdom of Italy in 1860.
On July 22, 1944, an American artillery shell exploded there causing the death of 55 people. The church was filled with civilians rounded up by the Germans. A commemorative plaque is located on the facade of the church in honor of the victims (Italian: Strage del Duomo di San Miniato).
Geography
- Frazioni
Balconevisi, Bucciano, Catena, Cigoli, Corazzano, Cusignano, Isola, La Scala, La Serra, Molino d'Egola, Moriolo, Ponte a Egola, Ponte a Elsa, Roffia, San Donato, San Miniato Basso, San Romano, Stibbio.
- Località
Borghigiana, Calenzano, Campriano, Canneto, Canuto, Casastrada, Collebrunacchi, Dogaia, Genovini, Marzana, Montebicchieri, Palagio, Parrino, San Quintino, Sant'Angelo a Montorzo, Volpaio.
Economy
White truffles
During the last three weeks of November, San Miniato hosts a festival devoted to the gastronomically precious
Main sights
The city is enclosed within a well-preserved medieval precinct. Main landmarks include:
- The Tower of Frederick II, built by Frederick II in the 13th century on the summit of the hill at an elevation of 192 metres (630 ft), overlooking the entire Valdarno. Here was imprisoned his chancellor Pier delle Vigne until he committed suicide. During World War II it was destroyed by the German Armyto prevent the Allies from using it as a gun sighting tower, but was reconstructed in 1958 by architect Renato Baldi.
- The Duomo (Cathedral), dedicated to both Sant'Assunta and Santo Genesio or Saint Genesius of Rome. It was originally a Romanesque building, but it has been remodelled several times and exhibits Gothic and some Renaissance architectural elements. The façade incorporates a number of colorful majolicabowls. The interior has Latin cross plan with a central nave with two side aisles. The cathedral's campanile, a fortification annexed in is called the Matilde Tower and features an asymmetrical clock.
- The Diocesan Museum, next to the cathedral. This museum-gallery contains works by Verrocchio.
- Palazzo dei Vicari, built by Emperor Otto IV during the 12th century, the palazzo incorporates one of the oldest known crenellated turrets. The interior has a number of interesting frescoes. It is now an hotel.
- Palazzo Comunale. This 14th-century building is still San Miniato's Town Hall. Its great hall was decorated by Cenno di Francesco Cenni. It also features a small oratory, containing a 16th-century altarpiece.
- The church of San Francesco. Originally built in the early 13th century with a Romanesque façade, its interior features Gothic style chapels and frescoes from the 14th and 15th centuries.
- The church of San Domenico was originally constructed in the 14th century, but has an incomplete façade. Its interior contains terracotta works by Luca della Robbia, a fresco attributed to Masolino da Panicale and a burial monument sculpted by Donatello. Next to the façade begins the Via Angelica, a tunnel that connected the countryside to the city.
- Convent of San Francesco. Purportedly founded by Saint Francis of Assisihimself in 1211 when he visited the city, the Convent stands behind the city higher up on the hill.
Other buildings and monuments worth seeing include the Bishop's Sanctuary, with a Baroque façade in the design of an amphitheater, designed by Cigoli and the Sanctuary of the Crucifix, recently restored, the desanctified Chiesa di San Martino, which has done duty as a convent, and then a prison, but which will now be used for conventions.
There are also a number of Renaissance palazzi, built by such aristocratic families as the Roffia, Grifoni, Formichini and the Bonapartes, ancestors of Napoleon, among them Palazzo Grifoni.
Transport
- Train
San Miniato has a railway station on the
- Road
By road it is approximately 41 kilometres (25 miles) west of Florence and 55 kilometres (34 mi) east of Livorno on the SP 40 provincial road.
Twin Towns
References
- ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
External links
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